Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to generate shells or skeletons...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3016332 2023-05-15T13:38:50+02:00 Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica Cummings, Vonda Hewitt, Judi Van Rooyen, Anthony Currie, Kim Beard, Samuel Thrush, Simon Norkko, Joanna Barr, Neill Heath, Philip Halliday, N. Jane Sedcole, Richard Gomez, Antony McGraw, Christina Metcalf, Victoria 2011-01-05 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 Cummings et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2011 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 2013-09-03T09:39:45Z Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to generate shells or skeletons. Studies of potential effects of future levels of pCO2 on high latitude calcifiers are at present limited, and there is little understanding of their potential to acclimate to these changes. We describe a laboratory experiment to compare physiological and metabolic responses of a key benthic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, at pCO2 levels of their natural environment (430 µatm, pH 7.99; based on field measurements) with those predicted for 2100 (735 µatm, pH 7.78) and glacial levels (187 µatm, pH 8.32). Adult L. elliptica basal metabolism (oxygen consumption rates) and heat shock protein HSP70 gene expression levels increased in response both to lowering and elevation of pH. Expression of chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in synthesis of bivalve shells, was significantly up-regulated in individuals at pH 7.78, indicating L. elliptica were working harder to calcify in seawater undersaturated in aragonite (ΩAr = 0.71), the CaCO3 polymorph of which their shells are comprised. The different response variables were influenced by pH in differing ways, highlighting the importance of assessing a variety of factors to determine the likely impact of pH change. In combination, the results indicate a negative effect of ocean acidification on whole-organism functioning of L. elliptica over relatively short terms (weeks-months) that may be energetically difficult to maintain over longer time periods. Importantly, however, the observed changes in L. elliptica CHS gene expression provides evidence for biological control over the shell formation process, which may enable some degree of adaptation or acclimation to future ocean acidification scenarios. Text Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic The Antarctic PLoS ONE 6 1 e16069 |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Cummings, Vonda Hewitt, Judi Van Rooyen, Anthony Currie, Kim Beard, Samuel Thrush, Simon Norkko, Joanna Barr, Neill Heath, Philip Halliday, N. Jane Sedcole, Richard Gomez, Antony McGraw, Christina Metcalf, Victoria Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
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Research Article |
description |
Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to generate shells or skeletons. Studies of potential effects of future levels of pCO2 on high latitude calcifiers are at present limited, and there is little understanding of their potential to acclimate to these changes. We describe a laboratory experiment to compare physiological and metabolic responses of a key benthic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, at pCO2 levels of their natural environment (430 µatm, pH 7.99; based on field measurements) with those predicted for 2100 (735 µatm, pH 7.78) and glacial levels (187 µatm, pH 8.32). Adult L. elliptica basal metabolism (oxygen consumption rates) and heat shock protein HSP70 gene expression levels increased in response both to lowering and elevation of pH. Expression of chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in synthesis of bivalve shells, was significantly up-regulated in individuals at pH 7.78, indicating L. elliptica were working harder to calcify in seawater undersaturated in aragonite (ΩAr = 0.71), the CaCO3 polymorph of which their shells are comprised. The different response variables were influenced by pH in differing ways, highlighting the importance of assessing a variety of factors to determine the likely impact of pH change. In combination, the results indicate a negative effect of ocean acidification on whole-organism functioning of L. elliptica over relatively short terms (weeks-months) that may be energetically difficult to maintain over longer time periods. Importantly, however, the observed changes in L. elliptica CHS gene expression provides evidence for biological control over the shell formation process, which may enable some degree of adaptation or acclimation to future ocean acidification scenarios. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cummings, Vonda Hewitt, Judi Van Rooyen, Anthony Currie, Kim Beard, Samuel Thrush, Simon Norkko, Joanna Barr, Neill Heath, Philip Halliday, N. Jane Sedcole, Richard Gomez, Antony McGraw, Christina Metcalf, Victoria |
author_facet |
Cummings, Vonda Hewitt, Judi Van Rooyen, Anthony Currie, Kim Beard, Samuel Thrush, Simon Norkko, Joanna Barr, Neill Heath, Philip Halliday, N. Jane Sedcole, Richard Gomez, Antony McGraw, Christina Metcalf, Victoria |
author_sort |
Cummings, Vonda |
title |
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
title_short |
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
title_full |
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
title_fullStr |
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica |
title_sort |
ocean acidification at high latitudes: potential effects on functioning of the antarctic bivalve laternula elliptica |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 |
op_rights |
Cummings et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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1 |
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e16069 |
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