Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific
Near-surface waters ranging from the Pacific subarctic (58°N) to the Southern Ocean (66°S) contain the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), associated with the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Of the 35 stations sampled, including ones from historic iron fertilization experiments (SOFeX, IronEx II), we found Pseudo...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2996450 2023-05-15T13:54:28+02:00 Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific Silver, Mary W. Bargu, Sibel Coale, Susan L. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Garcia, Ana C. Roberts, Kathryn J. Sekula-Wood, Emily Bruland, Kenneth W. Coale, Kenneth H. 2010-11-30 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996450 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068374 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996450 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068374 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 Biological Sciences Text 2010 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 2013-09-03T08:23:45Z Near-surface waters ranging from the Pacific subarctic (58°N) to the Southern Ocean (66°S) contain the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), associated with the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Of the 35 stations sampled, including ones from historic iron fertilization experiments (SOFeX, IronEx II), we found Pseudo-nitzschia at 34 stations and DA measurable at 14 of the 26 stations analyzed for DA. Toxin ranged from 0.3 fg·cell−1 to 2 pg·cell−1, comparable with levels found in similar-sized cells from coastal waters. In the western subarctic, descent of intact Pseudo-nitzschia likely delivered significant amounts of toxin (up to 4 μg of DA·m−2·d−1) to underlying mesopelagic waters (150–500 m). By reexamining phytoplankton samples from SOFeX and IronEx II, we found substantial amounts of DA associated with Pseudo-nitzschia. Indeed, at SOFeX in the Antarctic Pacific, DA reached 220 ng·L−1, levels at which animal mortalities have occurred on continental shelves. Iron ocean fertilization also occurs naturally and may have promoted blooms of these ubiquitous algae over previous glacial cycles during deposition of iron-rich aerosols. Thus, the neurotoxin DA occurs both in coastal and oceanic waters, and its concentration, associated with changes in Pseudo-nitzschia abundance, likely varies naturally with climate cycles, as well as with artificial iron fertilization. Given that iron fertilization in iron-depleted regions of the sea has been proposed to enhance phytoplankton growth and, thereby, both reduce atmospheric CO2 and moderate ocean acidification in surface waters, consideration of the potentially serious ecosystem impacts associated with DA is prudent. Text Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 48 20762 20767 |
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Open Polar |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Biological Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Biological Sciences Silver, Mary W. Bargu, Sibel Coale, Susan L. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Garcia, Ana C. Roberts, Kathryn J. Sekula-Wood, Emily Bruland, Kenneth W. Coale, Kenneth H. Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences |
description |
Near-surface waters ranging from the Pacific subarctic (58°N) to the Southern Ocean (66°S) contain the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), associated with the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Of the 35 stations sampled, including ones from historic iron fertilization experiments (SOFeX, IronEx II), we found Pseudo-nitzschia at 34 stations and DA measurable at 14 of the 26 stations analyzed for DA. Toxin ranged from 0.3 fg·cell−1 to 2 pg·cell−1, comparable with levels found in similar-sized cells from coastal waters. In the western subarctic, descent of intact Pseudo-nitzschia likely delivered significant amounts of toxin (up to 4 μg of DA·m−2·d−1) to underlying mesopelagic waters (150–500 m). By reexamining phytoplankton samples from SOFeX and IronEx II, we found substantial amounts of DA associated with Pseudo-nitzschia. Indeed, at SOFeX in the Antarctic Pacific, DA reached 220 ng·L−1, levels at which animal mortalities have occurred on continental shelves. Iron ocean fertilization also occurs naturally and may have promoted blooms of these ubiquitous algae over previous glacial cycles during deposition of iron-rich aerosols. Thus, the neurotoxin DA occurs both in coastal and oceanic waters, and its concentration, associated with changes in Pseudo-nitzschia abundance, likely varies naturally with climate cycles, as well as with artificial iron fertilization. Given that iron fertilization in iron-depleted regions of the sea has been proposed to enhance phytoplankton growth and, thereby, both reduce atmospheric CO2 and moderate ocean acidification in surface waters, consideration of the potentially serious ecosystem impacts associated with DA is prudent. |
format |
Text |
author |
Silver, Mary W. Bargu, Sibel Coale, Susan L. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Garcia, Ana C. Roberts, Kathryn J. Sekula-Wood, Emily Bruland, Kenneth W. Coale, Kenneth H. |
author_facet |
Silver, Mary W. Bargu, Sibel Coale, Susan L. Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Garcia, Ana C. Roberts, Kathryn J. Sekula-Wood, Emily Bruland, Kenneth W. Coale, Kenneth H. |
author_sort |
Silver, Mary W. |
title |
Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
title_short |
Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
title_full |
Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
title_fullStr |
Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific |
title_sort |
toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic pacific |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996450 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068374 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 |
geographic |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996450 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068374 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
107 |
container_issue |
48 |
container_start_page |
20762 |
op_container_end_page |
20767 |
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1766260406311976960 |