Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria
N2-fixing cyanobacteria play an essential role in sustaining primary productivity in contemporary oceans and freshwater systems. However, the significance of N2-fixing cyanobacteria in past nitrogen cycling is difficult to establish as their preservation potential is relatively poor and specific bio...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2984197 2023-05-15T15:04:59+02:00 Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria Bauersachs, Thorsten Speelman, Eveline N. Hopmans, Ellen C. Reichart, Gert-Jan Schouten, Stefan Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe 2010-11-09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984197 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966349 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984197 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Physical Sciences Text 2010 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 2013-09-03T07:39:55Z N2-fixing cyanobacteria play an essential role in sustaining primary productivity in contemporary oceans and freshwater systems. However, the significance of N2-fixing cyanobacteria in past nitrogen cycling is difficult to establish as their preservation potential is relatively poor and specific biological markers are presently lacking. Heterocystous N2-fixing cyanobacteria synthesize unique long-chain glycolipids in the cell envelope covering the heterocyst cell to protect the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzyme. We found that these heterocyst glycolipids are remarkably well preserved in (ancient) lacustrine and marine sediments, unambiguously indicating the (past) presence of N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria. Analysis of Pleistocene sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea showed that heterocystous cyanobacteria, likely as epiphytes in symbiosis with planktonic diatoms, were particularly abundant during deposition of sapropels. Eocene Arctic Ocean sediments deposited at a time of large Azolla blooms contained glycolipids typical for heterocystous cyanobacteria presently living in symbiosis with the freshwater fern Azolla, indicating that this symbiosis already existed in that time. Our study thus suggests that heterocystous cyanobacteria played a major role in adding “new” fixed nitrogen to surface waters in past stratified oceans. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Arctic Ocean Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 45 19190 19194 |
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English |
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Physical Sciences |
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Physical Sciences Bauersachs, Thorsten Speelman, Eveline N. Hopmans, Ellen C. Reichart, Gert-Jan Schouten, Stefan Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
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Physical Sciences |
description |
N2-fixing cyanobacteria play an essential role in sustaining primary productivity in contemporary oceans and freshwater systems. However, the significance of N2-fixing cyanobacteria in past nitrogen cycling is difficult to establish as their preservation potential is relatively poor and specific biological markers are presently lacking. Heterocystous N2-fixing cyanobacteria synthesize unique long-chain glycolipids in the cell envelope covering the heterocyst cell to protect the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzyme. We found that these heterocyst glycolipids are remarkably well preserved in (ancient) lacustrine and marine sediments, unambiguously indicating the (past) presence of N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria. Analysis of Pleistocene sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea showed that heterocystous cyanobacteria, likely as epiphytes in symbiosis with planktonic diatoms, were particularly abundant during deposition of sapropels. Eocene Arctic Ocean sediments deposited at a time of large Azolla blooms contained glycolipids typical for heterocystous cyanobacteria presently living in symbiosis with the freshwater fern Azolla, indicating that this symbiosis already existed in that time. Our study thus suggests that heterocystous cyanobacteria played a major role in adding “new” fixed nitrogen to surface waters in past stratified oceans. |
format |
Text |
author |
Bauersachs, Thorsten Speelman, Eveline N. Hopmans, Ellen C. Reichart, Gert-Jan Schouten, Stefan Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe |
author_facet |
Bauersachs, Thorsten Speelman, Eveline N. Hopmans, Ellen C. Reichart, Gert-Jan Schouten, Stefan Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe |
author_sort |
Bauersachs, Thorsten |
title |
Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
title_short |
Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
title_full |
Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
title_fullStr |
Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
title_sort |
fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic n2 fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984197 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966349 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984197 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 |
op_rights |
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007526107 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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107 |
container_issue |
45 |
container_start_page |
19190 |
op_container_end_page |
19194 |
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1766336760131878912 |