Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction
Cellular mechanisms of CO2 chemoreception are discussed and debated in terms of the stimuli produced during hypercapnic acidosis and their molecular targets: protons generated by the hydration of CO2 and dissociation of carbonic acid, which target membrane-bound proteins and lipids in brain stem neu...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2886689 2023-05-15T15:52:55+02:00 Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction Dean, Jay B. 2010-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886689 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150563 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 en eng American Physiological Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886689 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 Copyright © 2010 the American Physiological Society Highlighted Topic Text 2010 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 2013-09-03T01:30:06Z Cellular mechanisms of CO2 chemoreception are discussed and debated in terms of the stimuli produced during hypercapnic acidosis and their molecular targets: protons generated by the hydration of CO2 and dissociation of carbonic acid, which target membrane-bound proteins and lipids in brain stem neurons. The CO2 hydration reaction, however, is not the only reaction that CO2 undergoes that generates molecules capable of modifying proteins and lipids. Molecular CO2 also reacts with peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which is produced from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (•O2−). The CO2/ONOO− reaction, in turn, produces additional nitrosative and oxidative reactive intermediates. Furthermore, protons facilitate additional redox reactions that generate other reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS/RNS generated by these redox reactions may act as additional stimuli of CO2 chemoreceptors since neurons in chemosensitive areas produce both •NO and •O2− and, therefore, ONOO−. Perturbing •NO, •O2−, and ONOO− activities in chemosensitive areas modulates cardiorespiration. Moreover, neurons in at least one chemosensitive area, the solitary complex, are stimulated by cellular oxidation. Together, these data raise the following two questions: 1) do pH and ROS/RNS work in tandem to stimulate CO2 chemoreceptors during hypercapnic acidosis; and 2) does nitrosative stress and oxidative stress contribute to CO2 chemoreceptor dysfunction? To begin considering these two issues and their implications for central chemoreception, this minireview has the following three goals: 1) summarize the nitrosative and oxidative reactions that occur during hypercapnic acidosis and isocapnic acidosis; 2) review the evidence that redox signaling occurs in chemosensitive areas; and 3) review the evidence that neurons in the solitary complex are stimulated by cellular oxidation. Text Carbonic acid PubMed Central (PMC) Journal of Applied Physiology 108 6 1786 1795 |
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Highlighted Topic Dean, Jay B. Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
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Cellular mechanisms of CO2 chemoreception are discussed and debated in terms of the stimuli produced during hypercapnic acidosis and their molecular targets: protons generated by the hydration of CO2 and dissociation of carbonic acid, which target membrane-bound proteins and lipids in brain stem neurons. The CO2 hydration reaction, however, is not the only reaction that CO2 undergoes that generates molecules capable of modifying proteins and lipids. Molecular CO2 also reacts with peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which is produced from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (•O2−). The CO2/ONOO− reaction, in turn, produces additional nitrosative and oxidative reactive intermediates. Furthermore, protons facilitate additional redox reactions that generate other reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS/RNS generated by these redox reactions may act as additional stimuli of CO2 chemoreceptors since neurons in chemosensitive areas produce both •NO and •O2− and, therefore, ONOO−. Perturbing •NO, •O2−, and ONOO− activities in chemosensitive areas modulates cardiorespiration. Moreover, neurons in at least one chemosensitive area, the solitary complex, are stimulated by cellular oxidation. Together, these data raise the following two questions: 1) do pH and ROS/RNS work in tandem to stimulate CO2 chemoreceptors during hypercapnic acidosis; and 2) does nitrosative stress and oxidative stress contribute to CO2 chemoreceptor dysfunction? To begin considering these two issues and their implications for central chemoreception, this minireview has the following three goals: 1) summarize the nitrosative and oxidative reactions that occur during hypercapnic acidosis and isocapnic acidosis; 2) review the evidence that redox signaling occurs in chemosensitive areas; and 3) review the evidence that neurons in the solitary complex are stimulated by cellular oxidation. |
format |
Text |
author |
Dean, Jay B. |
author_facet |
Dean, Jay B. |
author_sort |
Dean, Jay B. |
title |
Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
title_short |
Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
title_full |
Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
title_fullStr |
Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
title_sort |
hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for co2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction |
publisher |
American Physiological Society |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886689 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150563 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886689 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2010 the American Physiological Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009 |
container_title |
Journal of Applied Physiology |
container_volume |
108 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1786 |
op_container_end_page |
1795 |
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1766388011309727744 |