Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow
Biological ice nucleators (IN) function as catalysts for freezing at relatively warm temperatures (warmer than −10 °C). We examined the concentration (per volume of liquid) and nature of IN in precipitation collected from Montana and Louisiana, the Alps and Pyrenees (France), Ross Island (Antarctica...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2596265 2023-05-15T14:01:01+02:00 Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow Christner, Brent C. Cai, Rongman Morris, Cindy E. McCarter, Kevin S. Foreman, Christine M. Skidmore, Mark L. Montross, Scott N. Sands, David C. 2008-12-02 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596265 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028877 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596265 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028877 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 © 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA Physical Sciences Text 2008 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 2013-09-02T08:26:40Z Biological ice nucleators (IN) function as catalysts for freezing at relatively warm temperatures (warmer than −10 °C). We examined the concentration (per volume of liquid) and nature of IN in precipitation collected from Montana and Louisiana, the Alps and Pyrenees (France), Ross Island (Antarctica), and Yukon (Canada). The temperature of detectable ice-nucleating activity for more than half of the samples was ≥ −5 °C based on immersion freezing testing. Digestion of the samples with lysozyme (i.e., to hydrolyze bacterial cell walls) led to reductions in the frequency of freezing (0–100%); heat treatment greatly reduced (95% average) or completely eliminated ice nucleation at the measured conditions in every sample. These behaviors were consistent with the activity being bacterial and/or proteinaceous in origin. Statistical analysis revealed seasonal similarities between warm-temperature ice-nucleating activities in snow samples collected over 7 months in Montana. Multiple regression was used to construct models with biogeochemical data [major ions, total organic carbon (TOC), particle, and cell concentration] that were accurate in predicting the concentration of microbial cells and biological IN in precipitation based on the concentration of TOC, Ca2+, and NH4+, or TOC, cells, Ca2+, NH4+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, Cl−, and HCO3−. Our results indicate that biological IN are ubiquitous in precipitation and that for some geographic locations the activity and concentration of these particles is related to the season and precipitation chemistry. Thus, our research suggests that biological IN are widespread in the atmosphere and may affect meteorological processes that lead to precipitation. Text Antarc* Antarctica Ross Island Yukon PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Ross Island Yukon Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 48 18854 18859 |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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English |
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Physical Sciences |
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Physical Sciences Christner, Brent C. Cai, Rongman Morris, Cindy E. McCarter, Kevin S. Foreman, Christine M. Skidmore, Mark L. Montross, Scott N. Sands, David C. Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
topic_facet |
Physical Sciences |
description |
Biological ice nucleators (IN) function as catalysts for freezing at relatively warm temperatures (warmer than −10 °C). We examined the concentration (per volume of liquid) and nature of IN in precipitation collected from Montana and Louisiana, the Alps and Pyrenees (France), Ross Island (Antarctica), and Yukon (Canada). The temperature of detectable ice-nucleating activity for more than half of the samples was ≥ −5 °C based on immersion freezing testing. Digestion of the samples with lysozyme (i.e., to hydrolyze bacterial cell walls) led to reductions in the frequency of freezing (0–100%); heat treatment greatly reduced (95% average) or completely eliminated ice nucleation at the measured conditions in every sample. These behaviors were consistent with the activity being bacterial and/or proteinaceous in origin. Statistical analysis revealed seasonal similarities between warm-temperature ice-nucleating activities in snow samples collected over 7 months in Montana. Multiple regression was used to construct models with biogeochemical data [major ions, total organic carbon (TOC), particle, and cell concentration] that were accurate in predicting the concentration of microbial cells and biological IN in precipitation based on the concentration of TOC, Ca2+, and NH4+, or TOC, cells, Ca2+, NH4+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, Cl−, and HCO3−. Our results indicate that biological IN are ubiquitous in precipitation and that for some geographic locations the activity and concentration of these particles is related to the season and precipitation chemistry. Thus, our research suggests that biological IN are widespread in the atmosphere and may affect meteorological processes that lead to precipitation. |
format |
Text |
author |
Christner, Brent C. Cai, Rongman Morris, Cindy E. McCarter, Kevin S. Foreman, Christine M. Skidmore, Mark L. Montross, Scott N. Sands, David C. |
author_facet |
Christner, Brent C. Cai, Rongman Morris, Cindy E. McCarter, Kevin S. Foreman, Christine M. Skidmore, Mark L. Montross, Scott N. Sands, David C. |
author_sort |
Christner, Brent C. |
title |
Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
title_short |
Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
title_full |
Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
title_fullStr |
Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
title_sort |
geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596265 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028877 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 |
geographic |
Canada Ross Island Yukon |
geographic_facet |
Canada Ross Island Yukon |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Ross Island Yukon |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Ross Island Yukon |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2596265 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028877 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 |
op_rights |
© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809816105 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
105 |
container_issue |
48 |
container_start_page |
18854 |
op_container_end_page |
18859 |
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1766270465152647168 |