Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn?
Predation has been recognized as a major selective force in the evolution of behavioural characteristics of mammals. As a consequence of local predator extinction, prey may lose knowledge about natural predators but usually express behavioural adjustments after return of predators. Human harvest may...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1560300 2023-05-15T13:13:16+02:00 Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? Sand, Håkan Wikenros, Camilla Wabakken, Petter Liberg, Olof 2006-02-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560300 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777732 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 en eng The Royal Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560300 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 © 2006 The Royal Society Research Article Text 2006 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 2013-08-31T06:20:00Z Predation has been recognized as a major selective force in the evolution of behavioural characteristics of mammals. As a consequence of local predator extinction, prey may lose knowledge about natural predators but usually express behavioural adjustments after return of predators. Human harvest may replace natural predation but prey selection may differ from that of natural predators leading to a change in the behavioural response of prey. We show that hunting success (HS) of re-colonizing wolves (Canis lupus) on moose (Alces alces) in Scandinavia was higher than reported in North America, where moose have been continuously exposed to wolves and grizzly bears. We found no evidence that moose expressed behavioural adjustments that lowered the HS of wolves in territories that had been occupied by wolves for up to 21 years. Moose behaviour towards wolves and humans typically differs in Scandinavia compared to North America. We explain the differences found to be caused by variation in predation pressure by large carnivores and the rate, and mode, of human harvest during the twentieth century. Text Alces alces Canis lupus PubMed Central (PMC) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273 1592 1421 1427 |
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Research Article Sand, Håkan Wikenros, Camilla Wabakken, Petter Liberg, Olof Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Predation has been recognized as a major selective force in the evolution of behavioural characteristics of mammals. As a consequence of local predator extinction, prey may lose knowledge about natural predators but usually express behavioural adjustments after return of predators. Human harvest may replace natural predation but prey selection may differ from that of natural predators leading to a change in the behavioural response of prey. We show that hunting success (HS) of re-colonizing wolves (Canis lupus) on moose (Alces alces) in Scandinavia was higher than reported in North America, where moose have been continuously exposed to wolves and grizzly bears. We found no evidence that moose expressed behavioural adjustments that lowered the HS of wolves in territories that had been occupied by wolves for up to 21 years. Moose behaviour towards wolves and humans typically differs in Scandinavia compared to North America. We explain the differences found to be caused by variation in predation pressure by large carnivores and the rate, and mode, of human harvest during the twentieth century. |
format |
Text |
author |
Sand, Håkan Wikenros, Camilla Wabakken, Petter Liberg, Olof |
author_facet |
Sand, Håkan Wikenros, Camilla Wabakken, Petter Liberg, Olof |
author_sort |
Sand, Håkan |
title |
Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
title_short |
Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
title_full |
Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
title_fullStr |
Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in Scandinavia ever learn? |
title_sort |
cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in scandinavia ever learn? |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560300 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777732 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 |
genre |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560300 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777732 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 |
op_rights |
© 2006 The Royal Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3447 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
273 |
container_issue |
1592 |
container_start_page |
1421 |
op_container_end_page |
1427 |
_version_ |
1766257107632390144 |