Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling
Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1560011 2023-05-15T13:54:12+02:00 Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne 2005-10-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519228 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 en eng The Royal Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 © 2005 The Royal Society Research Article Text 2005 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 2013-08-31T06:18:55Z Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was further north. To test these hypotheses we constructed a strongly supported phylogeny of extant penguins from 5851 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Using Bayesian inference of ancestral areas we show that an Antarctic origin of extant taxa is highly likely, and that more derived taxa occur in lower latitudes. Molecular dating estimated penguins originated about 71 million years ago in Gondwanaland when it was further south and cooler. Moreover, extant taxa are inferred to have originated in the Eocene, coincident with the extinction of the larger-bodied fossil taxa as global climate cooled. We hypothesize that, as Antarctica became ice-encrusted, modern penguins expanded via the circumpolar current to oceanic islands within the Antarctic Convergence, and later to the southern continents. Thus, global cooling has had a major impact on penguin evolution, as it has on vertebrates generally. Penguins only reached cooler tropical waters in the Galapagos about 4 mya, and have not crossed the equatorial thermal barrier. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Galapagos The Antarctic Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273 1582 11 17 |
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Research Article Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
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Research Article |
description |
Classic problems in historical biogeography are where did penguins originate, and why are such mobile birds restricted to the Southern Hemisphere? Competing hypotheses posit they arose in tropical–warm temperate waters, species-diverse cool temperate regions, or in Gondwanaland ∼100 mya when it was further north. To test these hypotheses we constructed a strongly supported phylogeny of extant penguins from 5851 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Using Bayesian inference of ancestral areas we show that an Antarctic origin of extant taxa is highly likely, and that more derived taxa occur in lower latitudes. Molecular dating estimated penguins originated about 71 million years ago in Gondwanaland when it was further south and cooler. Moreover, extant taxa are inferred to have originated in the Eocene, coincident with the extinction of the larger-bodied fossil taxa as global climate cooled. We hypothesize that, as Antarctica became ice-encrusted, modern penguins expanded via the circumpolar current to oceanic islands within the Antarctic Convergence, and later to the southern continents. Thus, global cooling has had a major impact on penguin evolution, as it has on vertebrates generally. Penguins only reached cooler tropical waters in the Galapagos about 4 mya, and have not crossed the equatorial thermal barrier. |
format |
Text |
author |
Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne |
author_facet |
Baker, Allan J Pereira, Sergio Luiz Haddrath, Oliver P Edge, Kerri-Anne |
author_sort |
Baker, Allan J |
title |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_short |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_full |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_fullStr |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling |
title_sort |
multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of antarctica due to global cooling |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519228 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |
geographic |
Antarctic Galapagos The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Galapagos The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |
op_rights |
© 2005 The Royal Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3260 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
273 |
container_issue |
1582 |
container_start_page |
11 |
op_container_end_page |
17 |
_version_ |
1766259882988666880 |