Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core
The examination of microorganisms in glacial ice cores allows the phylogenetic relationships of organisms frozen for thousands of years to be compared with those of current isolates. We developed a method for aseptically sampling a sediment-containing portion of a Greenland ice core that had remaine...
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American Society for Microbiology
2003
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:154775 2023-05-15T16:21:23+02:00 Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core Sheridan, Peter P. Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. 2003-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154775 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676695 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 en eng American Society for Microbiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154775 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676695 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology Microbial Ecology Text 2003 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 2013-08-29T12:02:01Z The examination of microorganisms in glacial ice cores allows the phylogenetic relationships of organisms frozen for thousands of years to be compared with those of current isolates. We developed a method for aseptically sampling a sediment-containing portion of a Greenland ice core that had remained at −9°C for over 100,000 years. Epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results showed that the ice sample contained over 6 × 107 cells/ml. Anaerobic enrichment cultures inoculated with melted ice were grown and maintained at −2°C. Genomic DNA extracted from these enrichments was used for the PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes with bacterial and archaeal primers and the preparation of clone libraries. Approximately 60 bacterial inserts were screened by restriction endonuclease analysis and grouped into 27 unique restriction fragment length polymorphism types, and 24 representative sequences were compared phylogenetically. Diverse sequences representing major phylogenetic groups including alpha, beta, and gamma Proteobacteria as well as relatives of the Thermus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Clostridium groups were found. Sixteen clone sequences were closely related to those from known organisms, with four possibly representing new species. Seven sequences may reflect new genera and were most closely related to sequences obtained only by PCR amplification. One sequence was over 12% distant from its closest relative and may represent a novel order or family. These results show that phylogenetically diverse microorganisms have remained viable within the Greenland ice core for at least 100,000 years. Text glacier Greenland Greenland ice core ice core PubMed Central (PMC) Greenland Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 4 2153 2160 |
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language |
English |
topic |
Microbial Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Microbial Ecology Sheridan, Peter P. Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
topic_facet |
Microbial Ecology |
description |
The examination of microorganisms in glacial ice cores allows the phylogenetic relationships of organisms frozen for thousands of years to be compared with those of current isolates. We developed a method for aseptically sampling a sediment-containing portion of a Greenland ice core that had remained at −9°C for over 100,000 years. Epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results showed that the ice sample contained over 6 × 107 cells/ml. Anaerobic enrichment cultures inoculated with melted ice were grown and maintained at −2°C. Genomic DNA extracted from these enrichments was used for the PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes with bacterial and archaeal primers and the preparation of clone libraries. Approximately 60 bacterial inserts were screened by restriction endonuclease analysis and grouped into 27 unique restriction fragment length polymorphism types, and 24 representative sequences were compared phylogenetically. Diverse sequences representing major phylogenetic groups including alpha, beta, and gamma Proteobacteria as well as relatives of the Thermus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Clostridium groups were found. Sixteen clone sequences were closely related to those from known organisms, with four possibly representing new species. Seven sequences may reflect new genera and were most closely related to sequences obtained only by PCR amplification. One sequence was over 12% distant from its closest relative and may represent a novel order or family. These results show that phylogenetically diverse microorganisms have remained viable within the Greenland ice core for at least 100,000 years. |
format |
Text |
author |
Sheridan, Peter P. Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
author_facet |
Sheridan, Peter P. Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
author_sort |
Sheridan, Peter P. |
title |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_short |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_fullStr |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaerobic Psychrophilic Enrichment Cultures Obtained from a Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_sort |
phylogenetic analysis of anaerobic psychrophilic enrichment cultures obtained from a greenland glacier ice core |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154775 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676695 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
glacier Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154775 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676695 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
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69 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
2153 |
op_container_end_page |
2160 |
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1766009387950800896 |