Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. Sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis E have been reported recently in the United States and other industrialized countries. The source of HEV infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:154618 2023-05-15T18:05:35+02:00 Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal He, Junkun Innis, Bruce L. Shrestha, Mrigendra P. Clayson, Edward T. Scott, Robert M. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Musser, Guy G. Gigliotti, Scott C. Binn, Leonard N. Kuschner, Robert A. Vaughn, David W. 2002-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154618 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454141 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 en eng American Society for Microbiology (ASM) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154618 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology Virology Text 2002 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 2013-08-29T12:01:31Z Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. Sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis E have been reported recently in the United States and other industrialized countries. The source of HEV infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. Antibodies to HEV have been detected in many animals in areas where HEV is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the United States. There is evidence supporting HEV transmission between swine and humans. Nevertheless, HEV has not been detected in wild rodents. We tested murid rodents and house shrews trapped in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley, where hepatitis E is hyperendemic, for HEV infection. The most commonly trapped species was Rattus rattus brunneusculus. Serum samples from 675 animals were tested for immunoglobulin G against HEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 78 (12%) were positive, indicating acute or past infection. Antibody prevalence was higher among R. rattus brunneusculus and Bandicota bengalensis than in Suncus murinus. Forty-four specimens from 78 antibody-positive animals had sufficient residual volume for detection of HEV RNA (viremia) by reverse transcription-PCR. PCR amplification detected four animals (9%; three were R. rattus brunneusculus and one was B. bengalensis) with viremia. Phylogenetic analysis of the four genome sequences (405 bp in the capsid gene) recovered showed that they were identical, most closely related to two human isolates from Nepal (95 and 96% nucleotide homology, respectively), and distinct from HEV sequences isolated elsewhere. These data prove that certain peridomestic rodents acquire HEV in the wild and suggest that cross-species transmission occurs, with rodents serving as a virus reservoir for humans. Text Rattus rattus PubMed Central (PMC) Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 12 4493 4498 |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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English |
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Virology |
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Virology He, Junkun Innis, Bruce L. Shrestha, Mrigendra P. Clayson, Edward T. Scott, Robert M. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Musser, Guy G. Gigliotti, Scott C. Binn, Leonard N. Kuschner, Robert A. Vaughn, David W. Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
topic_facet |
Virology |
description |
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. Sporadic autochthonous cases of hepatitis E have been reported recently in the United States and other industrialized countries. The source of HEV infection in these cases is unknown; zoonotic transmission has been suggested. Antibodies to HEV have been detected in many animals in areas where HEV is endemic and in domestic swine and rats in the United States. There is evidence supporting HEV transmission between swine and humans. Nevertheless, HEV has not been detected in wild rodents. We tested murid rodents and house shrews trapped in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley, where hepatitis E is hyperendemic, for HEV infection. The most commonly trapped species was Rattus rattus brunneusculus. Serum samples from 675 animals were tested for immunoglobulin G against HEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; 78 (12%) were positive, indicating acute or past infection. Antibody prevalence was higher among R. rattus brunneusculus and Bandicota bengalensis than in Suncus murinus. Forty-four specimens from 78 antibody-positive animals had sufficient residual volume for detection of HEV RNA (viremia) by reverse transcription-PCR. PCR amplification detected four animals (9%; three were R. rattus brunneusculus and one was B. bengalensis) with viremia. Phylogenetic analysis of the four genome sequences (405 bp in the capsid gene) recovered showed that they were identical, most closely related to two human isolates from Nepal (95 and 96% nucleotide homology, respectively), and distinct from HEV sequences isolated elsewhere. These data prove that certain peridomestic rodents acquire HEV in the wild and suggest that cross-species transmission occurs, with rodents serving as a virus reservoir for humans. |
format |
Text |
author |
He, Junkun Innis, Bruce L. Shrestha, Mrigendra P. Clayson, Edward T. Scott, Robert M. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Musser, Guy G. Gigliotti, Scott C. Binn, Leonard N. Kuschner, Robert A. Vaughn, David W. |
author_facet |
He, Junkun Innis, Bruce L. Shrestha, Mrigendra P. Clayson, Edward T. Scott, Robert M. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Musser, Guy G. Gigliotti, Scott C. Binn, Leonard N. Kuschner, Robert A. Vaughn, David W. |
author_sort |
He, Junkun |
title |
Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
title_short |
Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
title_full |
Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
title_fullStr |
Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence that Rodents Are a Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus for Humans in Nepal |
title_sort |
evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology (ASM) |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154618 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454141 https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 |
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Rattus rattus |
genre_facet |
Rattus rattus |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154618 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4493-4498.2002 |
container_title |
Journal of Clinical Microbiology |
container_volume |
40 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
4493 |
op_container_end_page |
4498 |
_version_ |
1766177071213576192 |