Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core
The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm3) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we enriched for...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317422 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332755 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1317422 2023-05-15T16:21:21+02:00 Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. 2005-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317422 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332755 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 en eng American Society for Microbiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317422 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology Microbial Ecology Text 2005 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 2013-08-30T18:45:55Z The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm3) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we enriched for ultrasmall psychrophiles by filtering melted ice through filters with different pore sizes, inoculating anaerobic low-nutrient liquid media, and performing successive rounds of filtrations and recultivations at 5°C. Melted ice filtrates, cultures, and isolates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular methods. The results confirmed that numerous cells passed through 0.4-μm, 0.2-μm, and even 0.1-μm filters. Interestingly, filtration increased cell culturability from the melted ice, yielding many isolates related to high-G+C gram-positive bacteria. Comparisons between parallel filtered and nonfiltered cultures showed that (i) the proportion of 0.2-μm-filterable cells was higher in the filtered cultures after short incubations but this difference diminished after several months, (ii) more isolates were obtained from filtered (1,290 isolates) than from nonfiltered (447 isolates) cultures, and (iii) the filtration and liquid medium cultivation increased isolate diversity (Proteobacteria; Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides; high-G+C gram-positive; and spore-forming, low-G+C gram-positive bacteria). Many isolates maintained their small cell sizes after recultivation and were phylogenetically novel or related to other ultramicrobacteria. Our filtration-cultivation procedure, combined with long incubations, enriched for novel ultrasmall-cell isolates, which is useful for studies of their metabolic properties and mechanisms for long-term survival under extreme conditions. Text glacier Greenland ice core PubMed Central (PMC) Greenland Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 12 7806 7818 |
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Open Polar |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Microbial Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Microbial Ecology Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
topic_facet |
Microbial Ecology |
description |
The abundant microbial population in a 3,043-m-deep Greenland glacier ice core was dominated by ultrasmall cells (<0.1 μm3) that may represent intrinsically small organisms or starved, minute forms of normal-sized microbes. In order to examine their diversity and obtain isolates, we enriched for ultrasmall psychrophiles by filtering melted ice through filters with different pore sizes, inoculating anaerobic low-nutrient liquid media, and performing successive rounds of filtrations and recultivations at 5°C. Melted ice filtrates, cultures, and isolates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cultivation, and molecular methods. The results confirmed that numerous cells passed through 0.4-μm, 0.2-μm, and even 0.1-μm filters. Interestingly, filtration increased cell culturability from the melted ice, yielding many isolates related to high-G+C gram-positive bacteria. Comparisons between parallel filtered and nonfiltered cultures showed that (i) the proportion of 0.2-μm-filterable cells was higher in the filtered cultures after short incubations but this difference diminished after several months, (ii) more isolates were obtained from filtered (1,290 isolates) than from nonfiltered (447 isolates) cultures, and (iii) the filtration and liquid medium cultivation increased isolate diversity (Proteobacteria; Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides; high-G+C gram-positive; and spore-forming, low-G+C gram-positive bacteria). Many isolates maintained their small cell sizes after recultivation and were phylogenetically novel or related to other ultramicrobacteria. Our filtration-cultivation procedure, combined with long incubations, enriched for novel ultrasmall-cell isolates, which is useful for studies of their metabolic properties and mechanisms for long-term survival under extreme conditions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
author_facet |
Miteva, Vanya I. Brenchley, Jean E. |
author_sort |
Miteva, Vanya I. |
title |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_short |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_fullStr |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection and Isolation of Ultrasmall Microorganisms from a 120,000-Year-Old Greenland Glacier Ice Core |
title_sort |
detection and isolation of ultrasmall microorganisms from a 120,000-year-old greenland glacier ice core |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317422 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332755 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
glacier Greenland ice core |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland ice core |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317422 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.12.7806-7818.2005 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7806 |
op_container_end_page |
7818 |
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1766009363810484224 |