Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates
Soil invertebrate survival in freezing temperatures has generally been considered in the light of the physiological adaptations seen in surface living insects. These adaptations, notably the ability to supercool, have evolved in concert with surface invertebrates' ability to retain body water i...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
National Academy of Sciences
2002
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122837 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960026 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:122837 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:122837 2023-05-15T15:07:22+02:00 Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates Holmstrup, Martin Bayley, Mark Ramløv, Hans 2002-04-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122837 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960026 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122837 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 Copyright © 2002, The National Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences Text 2002 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 2013-08-29T10:45:49Z Soil invertebrate survival in freezing temperatures has generally been considered in the light of the physiological adaptations seen in surface living insects. These adaptations, notably the ability to supercool, have evolved in concert with surface invertebrates' ability to retain body water in a dry environment. However, most soil invertebrates are orders of magnitude less resistant to desiccation than these truly terrestrial insects, opening the possibility that the mechanisms involved in their cold-hardiness are also of a radically different nature. Permeable soil invertebrates dehydrate when exposed in frozen soil. This dehydration occurs because the water vapor pressure of supercooled water is higher than that of ice at the same temperature. The force of this vapor pressure difference is so large that even a few degrees of supercooling will result in substantial water loss, continuing until the vapor pressure of body fluids equals that of the surrounding ice. At this stage, the risk of tissue ice formation has been eliminated, and subzero survival is ensured. Here we show that these soil invertebrates do not base their winter survival on supercooling, as do many other ectotherms, but instead dehydrate and equilibrate their body-fluid melting point to the ambient temperature. They can achieve this equilibration even at the extreme cooling rates seen in polar soils. Text Arctic PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 8 5716 5720 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Biological Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Biological Sciences Holmstrup, Martin Bayley, Mark Ramløv, Hans Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences |
description |
Soil invertebrate survival in freezing temperatures has generally been considered in the light of the physiological adaptations seen in surface living insects. These adaptations, notably the ability to supercool, have evolved in concert with surface invertebrates' ability to retain body water in a dry environment. However, most soil invertebrates are orders of magnitude less resistant to desiccation than these truly terrestrial insects, opening the possibility that the mechanisms involved in their cold-hardiness are also of a radically different nature. Permeable soil invertebrates dehydrate when exposed in frozen soil. This dehydration occurs because the water vapor pressure of supercooled water is higher than that of ice at the same temperature. The force of this vapor pressure difference is so large that even a few degrees of supercooling will result in substantial water loss, continuing until the vapor pressure of body fluids equals that of the surrounding ice. At this stage, the risk of tissue ice formation has been eliminated, and subzero survival is ensured. Here we show that these soil invertebrates do not base their winter survival on supercooling, as do many other ectotherms, but instead dehydrate and equilibrate their body-fluid melting point to the ambient temperature. They can achieve this equilibration even at the extreme cooling rates seen in polar soils. |
format |
Text |
author |
Holmstrup, Martin Bayley, Mark Ramløv, Hans |
author_facet |
Holmstrup, Martin Bayley, Mark Ramløv, Hans |
author_sort |
Holmstrup, Martin |
title |
Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
title_short |
Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
title_full |
Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
title_fullStr |
Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Supercool or dehydrate? An experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
title_sort |
supercool or dehydrate? an experimental analysis of overwintering strategies in small permeable arctic invertebrates |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122837 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960026 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC122837 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2002, The National Academy of Sciences |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082580699 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
99 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
5716 |
op_container_end_page |
5720 |
_version_ |
1766338889253912576 |