Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules
Allonursing is the nursing of the offspring of other mothers. Cooperation is an emergent property of evolved decision rules. Cooperation can be explained by at least three evolved decision rules: 1) direct reciprocity, i.e. help someone who previously helped you, 2) kin discrimination, i.e. preferen...
Published in: | PLOS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721201/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10721201 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10721201 2024-01-14T10:10:08+01:00 Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules Engelhardt, Sacha C. Weladji, Robert B. Holand, Øystein Røed, Knut H. Nieminen, Mauri 2023-12-14 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721201/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721201/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 © 2023 Engelhardt et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. PLoS One Research Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 2023-12-17T02:08:01Z Allonursing is the nursing of the offspring of other mothers. Cooperation is an emergent property of evolved decision rules. Cooperation can be explained by at least three evolved decision rules: 1) direct reciprocity, i.e. help someone who previously helped you, 2) kin discrimination, i.e. preferentially direct help to kin than to non-kin, and 3) generalized reciprocity, i.e. help anyone if helped by someone. We assessed if semi-domesticated reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, mothers allonursed according to the decision rules of direct reciprocity, generalized reciprocity and kin discrimination over 2 years. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the direct reciprocity decision rule, we predicted that mothers should give more help to those who previously helped them more often. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the kin discrimination decision rule, we predicted that help given should increase as pairwise genetic relatedness increased. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the generalized reciprocity decision rule, we predicted that the overall number of help given by reindeer mothers should increase as the overall number of help received by reindeer mothers increased. The number of help given i) increased as the number of help received from the same partner increased in the 2012 group but not in both 2013 groups, ii) was not influenced by relatedness, and iii) was not influenced by an interaction between the number of help received from the same partner and relatedness. iv) The overall number of help given increased as the overall number of help received increased. The results did not support the prediction that reindeer mothers allonursed according to the kin discrimination decision rule. The results suggest that reindeer mothers may allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules. Text Rangifer tarandus PubMed Central (PMC) PLOS ONE 18 12 e0295497 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Engelhardt, Sacha C. Weladji, Robert B. Holand, Øystein Røed, Knut H. Nieminen, Mauri Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Allonursing is the nursing of the offspring of other mothers. Cooperation is an emergent property of evolved decision rules. Cooperation can be explained by at least three evolved decision rules: 1) direct reciprocity, i.e. help someone who previously helped you, 2) kin discrimination, i.e. preferentially direct help to kin than to non-kin, and 3) generalized reciprocity, i.e. help anyone if helped by someone. We assessed if semi-domesticated reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, mothers allonursed according to the decision rules of direct reciprocity, generalized reciprocity and kin discrimination over 2 years. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the direct reciprocity decision rule, we predicted that mothers should give more help to those who previously helped them more often. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the kin discrimination decision rule, we predicted that help given should increase as pairwise genetic relatedness increased. To assess if reindeer mothers allonursed according to the generalized reciprocity decision rule, we predicted that the overall number of help given by reindeer mothers should increase as the overall number of help received by reindeer mothers increased. The number of help given i) increased as the number of help received from the same partner increased in the 2012 group but not in both 2013 groups, ii) was not influenced by relatedness, and iii) was not influenced by an interaction between the number of help received from the same partner and relatedness. iv) The overall number of help given increased as the overall number of help received increased. The results did not support the prediction that reindeer mothers allonursed according to the kin discrimination decision rule. The results suggest that reindeer mothers may allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules. |
format |
Text |
author |
Engelhardt, Sacha C. Weladji, Robert B. Holand, Øystein Røed, Knut H. Nieminen, Mauri |
author_facet |
Engelhardt, Sacha C. Weladji, Robert B. Holand, Øystein Røed, Knut H. Nieminen, Mauri |
author_sort |
Engelhardt, Sacha C. |
title |
Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
title_short |
Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
title_full |
Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
title_fullStr |
Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
title_sort |
evidence suggesting that reindeer mothers allonurse according to the direct reciprocity and generalized reciprocity decision rules |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721201/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 |
genre |
Rangifer tarandus |
genre_facet |
Rangifer tarandus |
op_source |
PLoS One |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721201/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 |
op_rights |
© 2023 Engelhardt et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295497 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e0295497 |
_version_ |
1788064768810024960 |