Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimen...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716641/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38094262 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10716641 2024-01-14T10:05:37+01:00 Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. 2023-12-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716641/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38094262 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 en eng The Royal Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716641/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38094262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. R Soc Open Sci Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 2023-12-17T01:59:52Z The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. Text Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus PubMed Central (PMC) Royal Society Open Science 10 12 |
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English |
topic |
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology |
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Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
topic_facet |
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology |
description |
The effect of active sonars on marine mammal behaviour is a topic of considerable interest and scientific investigation. Some whales, including the largest species (blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus), can be impacted by mid-frequency (1–10 kHz) military sonars. Here we apply complementary experimental methods to provide the first experimentally controlled measurements of behavioural responses to military sonar and similar stimuli for a related endangered species, fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Analytical methods include: (i) principal component analysis paired with generalized additive mixed models; (ii) hidden Markov models; and (iii) structured expert elicitation using response severity metrics. These approaches provide complementary perspectives on the nature of potential changes within and across individuals. Behavioural changes were detected in five of 15 whales during controlled exposure experiments using mid-frequency active sonar or pseudorandom noise of similar frequency, duration and source and received level. No changes were detected during six control (no noise) sequences. Overall responses were more limited in occurrence, severity and duration than in blue whales and were less dependent upon contextual aspects of exposure and more contingent upon exposure received level. Quantifying the factors influencing marine mammal responses to sonar is critical in assessing and mitigating future impacts. |
format |
Text |
author |
Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. |
author_facet |
Southall, Brandon L. Allen, Ann N. Calambokidis, John Casey, Caroline DeRuiter, Stacy L. Fregosi, Selene Friedlaender, Ari S. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Harris, Catriona M. Hazen, Elliott L. Popov, Valentin Stimpert, Alison K. |
author_sort |
Southall, Brandon L. |
title |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_short |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
title_sort |
behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716641/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38094262 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
genre |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
genre_facet |
Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus |
op_source |
R Soc Open Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716641/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38094262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
op_rights |
© 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231775 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
_version_ |
1788059957642395648 |