Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment
Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally betw...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10686999 2023-12-31T10:20:46+01:00 Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment Castellano, Kate R. Batta-Lona, Paola Bucklin, Ann O’Neill, Rachel J. 2023-11-29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686999/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38030690 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686999/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38030690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Sci Rep Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 2023-12-03T02:08:15Z Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally between asexual and sexual protogynous (i.e. sequential) hermaphroditic stages. While predicting future salp bloom frequency and intensity relies on an understanding of the transitions during the sexual stage from female through parturition and subsequent sex change to male, these transitions have not been explored at the molecular level. Here we report the development of the first complete genome of S. thompsoni and the North Atlantic sister species S. aspera. Genome and comparative analyses reveal an abundance of repeats and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs, a highly stable secondary structure, distributed throughout both salp genomes, a feature shared with other tunicates that perform alternating sexual-asexual reproductive strategies. Transcriptional analyses across sexual reproductive stages for S. thompsoni revealed genes associated with male sex differentiation and spermatogenesis are expressed as early as birth and before parturition, inconsistent with previous descriptions of sequential sexual differentiation in salps. Our findings suggest salp are poised for reproductive success at birth, increasing the potential for bloom formation as ocean temperatures rise. Text North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) Scientific Reports 13 1 |
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Article Castellano, Kate R. Batta-Lona, Paola Bucklin, Ann O’Neill, Rachel J. Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
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Article |
description |
Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally between asexual and sexual protogynous (i.e. sequential) hermaphroditic stages. While predicting future salp bloom frequency and intensity relies on an understanding of the transitions during the sexual stage from female through parturition and subsequent sex change to male, these transitions have not been explored at the molecular level. Here we report the development of the first complete genome of S. thompsoni and the North Atlantic sister species S. aspera. Genome and comparative analyses reveal an abundance of repeats and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs, a highly stable secondary structure, distributed throughout both salp genomes, a feature shared with other tunicates that perform alternating sexual-asexual reproductive strategies. Transcriptional analyses across sexual reproductive stages for S. thompsoni revealed genes associated with male sex differentiation and spermatogenesis are expressed as early as birth and before parturition, inconsistent with previous descriptions of sequential sexual differentiation in salps. Our findings suggest salp are poised for reproductive success at birth, increasing the potential for bloom formation as ocean temperatures rise. |
format |
Text |
author |
Castellano, Kate R. Batta-Lona, Paola Bucklin, Ann O’Neill, Rachel J. |
author_facet |
Castellano, Kate R. Batta-Lona, Paola Bucklin, Ann O’Neill, Rachel J. |
author_sort |
Castellano, Kate R. |
title |
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
title_short |
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
title_full |
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
title_fullStr |
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
title_sort |
salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686999/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38030690 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Sci Rep |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686999/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38030690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47429-6 |
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Scientific Reports |
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13 |
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