Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada
Soil samples were collected from around fresh and year-old bison carcasses and areas not associated with known carcasses in Wood Buffalo National Park during an active anthrax outbreak in the summer of 2001. Sample selection with a grid provided the most complete coverage of a site. Soil samples wer...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1065140 2023-05-15T18:44:19+02:00 Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada Dragon, D. C. Bader, D. E. Mitchell, J. Woollen, N. 2005-03 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746366 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 en eng American Society for Microbiology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746366 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology Public Health Microbiology Text 2005 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 2013-08-30T07:40:27Z Soil samples were collected from around fresh and year-old bison carcasses and areas not associated with known carcasses in Wood Buffalo National Park during an active anthrax outbreak in the summer of 2001. Sample selection with a grid provided the most complete coverage of a site. Soil samples were screened for viable Bacillus anthracis spores via selective culture, phenotypic analysis, and PCR. Bacillus anthracis spores were isolated from 28.4% of the samples. The highest concentrations of B. anthracis spores were found directly adjacent to fresh carcasses and invariably corresponded to locations where the soil had been saturated with body fluids escaping the carcass through either natural body orifices or holes torn by scavengers. The majority of positive samples were found within 2 m of both year-old and fresh carcasses and probably originated from scavengers churning up and spreading the body fluid-saturated soil as they fed. Trails of lesser contamination radiating from the carcasses probably resulted from spore dissemination through adhesion to scavengers and through larger scavengers dragging away disarticulated limbs. Comparison of samples from minimally scavenged and fully necropsied carcass sites revealed no statistically significant difference in the level of B. anthracis spore contamination. Therefore, the immediate area around a suspected anthrax carcass should be considered substantially contaminated regardless of the condition of the carcass. Text Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Wood Buffalo ENVELOPE(-112.007,-112.007,57.664,57.664) Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 3 1610 1615 |
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English |
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Public Health Microbiology Dragon, D. C. Bader, D. E. Mitchell, J. Woollen, N. Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
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Public Health Microbiology |
description |
Soil samples were collected from around fresh and year-old bison carcasses and areas not associated with known carcasses in Wood Buffalo National Park during an active anthrax outbreak in the summer of 2001. Sample selection with a grid provided the most complete coverage of a site. Soil samples were screened for viable Bacillus anthracis spores via selective culture, phenotypic analysis, and PCR. Bacillus anthracis spores were isolated from 28.4% of the samples. The highest concentrations of B. anthracis spores were found directly adjacent to fresh carcasses and invariably corresponded to locations where the soil had been saturated with body fluids escaping the carcass through either natural body orifices or holes torn by scavengers. The majority of positive samples were found within 2 m of both year-old and fresh carcasses and probably originated from scavengers churning up and spreading the body fluid-saturated soil as they fed. Trails of lesser contamination radiating from the carcasses probably resulted from spore dissemination through adhesion to scavengers and through larger scavengers dragging away disarticulated limbs. Comparison of samples from minimally scavenged and fully necropsied carcass sites revealed no statistically significant difference in the level of B. anthracis spore contamination. Therefore, the immediate area around a suspected anthrax carcass should be considered substantially contaminated regardless of the condition of the carcass. |
format |
Text |
author |
Dragon, D. C. Bader, D. E. Mitchell, J. Woollen, N. |
author_facet |
Dragon, D. C. Bader, D. E. Mitchell, J. Woollen, N. |
author_sort |
Dragon, D. C. |
title |
Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
title_short |
Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
title_full |
Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
title_fullStr |
Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Natural Dissemination of Bacillus anthracis Spores in Northern Canada |
title_sort |
natural dissemination of bacillus anthracis spores in northern canada |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746366 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-112.007,-112.007,57.664,57.664) |
geographic |
Canada Wood Buffalo |
geographic_facet |
Canada Wood Buffalo |
genre |
Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park |
genre_facet |
Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746366 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.3.1610-1615.2005 |
container_title |
Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1610 |
op_container_end_page |
1615 |
_version_ |
1766234966049423360 |