Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection
Excessive usage of antibiotics threatens the bacterial diversity in the microbiota of animals. An alternative to antibiotics that has been suggested to not disturb the microbiota is (bacterio)phage therapy. In this study, we challenged germ-free and microbially colonized yolk sac fry of Atlantic sal...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10628140 2023-12-10T09:46:46+01:00 Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection Fiedler, Alexander W. Gundersen, Madeleine S. Vo, Toan P. Almaas, Eivind Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid 2023-11-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628140/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37932331 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628140/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37932331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Sci Rep Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 2023-11-12T01:49:27Z Excessive usage of antibiotics threatens the bacterial diversity in the microbiota of animals. An alternative to antibiotics that has been suggested to not disturb the microbiota is (bacterio)phage therapy. In this study, we challenged germ-free and microbially colonized yolk sac fry of Atlantic salmon with Flavobacterium columnare and observed that the mere presence of a microbiota protected the fish against lethal infection. We then investigated the effect of phage- or oxytetracycline treatment on fish survival and rearing water bacterial community characteristics using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phage treatment led to an increased survival of F. columnare-challenged fish and reduced the relative amounts of the pathogen in the water microbiota. In the absence of F. columnare, phage treatment did not affect the composition or the α-diversity of the rearing water microbiota. In the presence of the phage’s host, phage treatment induced minor changes to the bacterial community composition, without affecting the α-diversity. Surprisingly, oxytetracycline treatment had no observable effect on the water microbiota and did not reduce the relative abundance of F. columnare in the water. In conclusion, we showed that phage treatment prevents mortality while not negatively affecting the rearing water microbiota, thus suggesting that phage treatment may be a suitable alternative to antibiotics. We also demonstrated a protective effect of the microbiota in Atlantic salmon yolk sac fry. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Scientific Reports 13 1 |
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Article Fiedler, Alexander W. Gundersen, Madeleine S. Vo, Toan P. Almaas, Eivind Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
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Article |
description |
Excessive usage of antibiotics threatens the bacterial diversity in the microbiota of animals. An alternative to antibiotics that has been suggested to not disturb the microbiota is (bacterio)phage therapy. In this study, we challenged germ-free and microbially colonized yolk sac fry of Atlantic salmon with Flavobacterium columnare and observed that the mere presence of a microbiota protected the fish against lethal infection. We then investigated the effect of phage- or oxytetracycline treatment on fish survival and rearing water bacterial community characteristics using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phage treatment led to an increased survival of F. columnare-challenged fish and reduced the relative amounts of the pathogen in the water microbiota. In the absence of F. columnare, phage treatment did not affect the composition or the α-diversity of the rearing water microbiota. In the presence of the phage’s host, phage treatment induced minor changes to the bacterial community composition, without affecting the α-diversity. Surprisingly, oxytetracycline treatment had no observable effect on the water microbiota and did not reduce the relative abundance of F. columnare in the water. In conclusion, we showed that phage treatment prevents mortality while not negatively affecting the rearing water microbiota, thus suggesting that phage treatment may be a suitable alternative to antibiotics. We also demonstrated a protective effect of the microbiota in Atlantic salmon yolk sac fry. |
format |
Text |
author |
Fiedler, Alexander W. Gundersen, Madeleine S. Vo, Toan P. Almaas, Eivind Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid |
author_facet |
Fiedler, Alexander W. Gundersen, Madeleine S. Vo, Toan P. Almaas, Eivind Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid |
author_sort |
Fiedler, Alexander W. |
title |
Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
title_short |
Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
title_full |
Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
title_fullStr |
Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
title_sort |
phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an atlantic salmon (salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628140/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37932331 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Sci Rep |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628140/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37932331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7 |
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Scientific Reports |
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13 |
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