Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin
Tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental contaminant present on all continents, including Antarctica, with a potent biocidal action. Its use began to be intensified during the 1960s. It was effectively banned in 2003 but remains in the environment to this day due to several factors that increase its ha...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10458372 2023-10-01T03:51:00+02:00 Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin da Silva, Ricardo Correia Teixeira, Mariana Pires de Paiva, Luciana Souza Miranda-Alves, Leandro 2023-08-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458372/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624201 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458372/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Toxics Review Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 2023-09-03T01:02:50Z Tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental contaminant present on all continents, including Antarctica, with a potent biocidal action. Its use began to be intensified during the 1960s. It was effectively banned in 2003 but remains in the environment to this day due to several factors that increase its half-life and its misuse despite the bans. In addition to the endocrine-disrupting effect of TBT, which may lead to imposex induction in some invertebrate species, there are several studies that demonstrate that TBT also has an immunotoxic effect. The immunotoxic effects that have been observed experimentally in vertebrates using in vitro and in vivo models involve different mechanisms; mainly, there are alterations in the expression and/or secretion of cytokines. In this review, we summarize and update the literature on the impacts of TBT on the immune system, and we discuss issues that still need to be explored to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the impact of this endocrine-disrupting chemical on immune system homeostasis. Text Antarc* Antarctica PubMed Central (PMC) Toxics 11 8 696 |
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Review da Silva, Ricardo Correia Teixeira, Mariana Pires de Paiva, Luciana Souza Miranda-Alves, Leandro Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
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Review |
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Tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental contaminant present on all continents, including Antarctica, with a potent biocidal action. Its use began to be intensified during the 1960s. It was effectively banned in 2003 but remains in the environment to this day due to several factors that increase its half-life and its misuse despite the bans. In addition to the endocrine-disrupting effect of TBT, which may lead to imposex induction in some invertebrate species, there are several studies that demonstrate that TBT also has an immunotoxic effect. The immunotoxic effects that have been observed experimentally in vertebrates using in vitro and in vivo models involve different mechanisms; mainly, there are alterations in the expression and/or secretion of cytokines. In this review, we summarize and update the literature on the impacts of TBT on the immune system, and we discuss issues that still need to be explored to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the impact of this endocrine-disrupting chemical on immune system homeostasis. |
format |
Text |
author |
da Silva, Ricardo Correia Teixeira, Mariana Pires de Paiva, Luciana Souza Miranda-Alves, Leandro |
author_facet |
da Silva, Ricardo Correia Teixeira, Mariana Pires de Paiva, Luciana Souza Miranda-Alves, Leandro |
author_sort |
da Silva, Ricardo Correia |
title |
Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
title_short |
Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
title_full |
Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
title_fullStr |
Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin |
title_sort |
environmental health and toxicology: immunomodulation promoted by endocrine-disrupting chemical tributyltin |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458372/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624201 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
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Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Toxics |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458372/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 |
op_rights |
© 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080696 |
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Toxics |
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