Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden
BACKGROUND: The effects of climate change, loss of pastureland to other land usage and presence of large carnivores are the main reasons for the increase in supplementary feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Fennoscandia over the last decades. Feeding might expose re...
Published in: | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
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Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337086/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x |
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Research Wallin Philippot, Karin Baron, Jerome Sánchez Romano, Javier Rautiainen, Heidi Frössling, Jenny Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena Persson, Ylva Omazic, Anna Tryland, Morten Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
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Research |
description |
BACKGROUND: The effects of climate change, loss of pastureland to other land usage and presence of large carnivores are the main reasons for the increase in supplementary feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Fennoscandia over the last decades. Feeding might expose reindeer to stress and increased animal-to-animal contact, leading to an increased risk of infectious disease transmission, such as infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC). As it can develop rapidly and be very painful, IKC is described as an important animal welfare concern and a potential source of economic loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the current presence of IKC and potential associations between IKC and supplementary feeding through an online questionnaire survey, distributed among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden in 2021. RESULTS: Seventy-six reindeer herders (33 from Norway and 43 from Sweden) responded to the questionnaire, representing 6% and 4% of the registered reindeer herding groups in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis was common, with 54 (71%) of the 76 herders that responded having observed clinical signs during the past 10 years. These signs were mainly observed as increased lacrimation, causing “wet cheeks”, but also as keratitis and conjunctivitis. Autumn and winter were the seasons in which IKC was observed most. The herders reported several measures, such as slaughter and isolation of affected reindeer, to counteract the spread of disease. The herding year 2019/2020 was associated with reports of outbreaks of IKC in herds as well as being the herding year where most herders (80%) had performed supplementary feeding. A significant association was found between IKC and feeding performed in an enclosure (odds ratio = 15.20), while feeding on free-range areas had a non-significant, negative, relationship with the appearance of IKC outbreaks (odds ratio = 0.29). Finally, there was a trend in the data suggesting that IKC affected calves especially. ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Wallin Philippot, Karin Baron, Jerome Sánchez Romano, Javier Rautiainen, Heidi Frössling, Jenny Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena Persson, Ylva Omazic, Anna Tryland, Morten |
author_facet |
Wallin Philippot, Karin Baron, Jerome Sánchez Romano, Javier Rautiainen, Heidi Frössling, Jenny Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena Persson, Ylva Omazic, Anna Tryland, Morten |
author_sort |
Wallin Philippot, Karin |
title |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
title_short |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
title_full |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden |
title_sort |
infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in norway and sweden |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337086/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-85.633,-85.633,-78.617,-78.617) |
geographic |
Norway Slaughter |
geographic_facet |
Norway Slaughter |
genre |
Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus |
op_source |
Acta Vet Scand |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337086/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x |
container_title |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
container_volume |
65 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1772814460228993024 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10337086 2023-07-30T04:03:27+02:00 Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): a questionnaire-based study among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden Wallin Philippot, Karin Baron, Jerome Sánchez Romano, Javier Rautiainen, Heidi Frössling, Jenny Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena Persson, Ylva Omazic, Anna Tryland, Morten 2023-07-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337086/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337086/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Acta Vet Scand Research Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-023-00694-x 2023-07-16T01:02:17Z BACKGROUND: The effects of climate change, loss of pastureland to other land usage and presence of large carnivores are the main reasons for the increase in supplementary feeding of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Fennoscandia over the last decades. Feeding might expose reindeer to stress and increased animal-to-animal contact, leading to an increased risk of infectious disease transmission, such as infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC). As it can develop rapidly and be very painful, IKC is described as an important animal welfare concern and a potential source of economic loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the current presence of IKC and potential associations between IKC and supplementary feeding through an online questionnaire survey, distributed among reindeer herders in Norway and Sweden in 2021. RESULTS: Seventy-six reindeer herders (33 from Norway and 43 from Sweden) responded to the questionnaire, representing 6% and 4% of the registered reindeer herding groups in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis was common, with 54 (71%) of the 76 herders that responded having observed clinical signs during the past 10 years. These signs were mainly observed as increased lacrimation, causing “wet cheeks”, but also as keratitis and conjunctivitis. Autumn and winter were the seasons in which IKC was observed most. The herders reported several measures, such as slaughter and isolation of affected reindeer, to counteract the spread of disease. The herding year 2019/2020 was associated with reports of outbreaks of IKC in herds as well as being the herding year where most herders (80%) had performed supplementary feeding. A significant association was found between IKC and feeding performed in an enclosure (odds ratio = 15.20), while feeding on free-range areas had a non-significant, negative, relationship with the appearance of IKC outbreaks (odds ratio = 0.29). Finally, there was a trend in the data suggesting that IKC affected calves especially. ... Text Fennoscandia Rangifer tarandus PubMed Central (PMC) Norway Slaughter ENVELOPE(-85.633,-85.633,-78.617,-78.617) Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 65 1 |