Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae
Omnipresent microplastics (MPs) in marine ecosystems are ingested at all trophic levels and may be a vector for the transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the food web. We fed rotifers polyethylene MPs (1–4 µm) spiked with seven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10299254 2023-07-23T04:18:17+02:00 Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae Bogevik, André S. Puvanendran, Velmurugu Vorkamp, Katrin Burgerhout, Erik Hansen, Øyvind Fernández-Míguez, María Krasnov, Aleksei Afanasyev, Sergey Høst, Vibeke Ytteborg, Elisabeth 2023-06-19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299254/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373473 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299254/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Int J Mol Sci Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 2023-07-02T01:08:47Z Omnipresent microplastics (MPs) in marine ecosystems are ingested at all trophic levels and may be a vector for the transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the food web. We fed rotifers polyethylene MPs (1–4 µm) spiked with seven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In turn, these rotifers were fed to cod larvae from 2–30 days post-hatching (dph), while the control groups were fed rotifers without MPs. After 30 dph, all the groups were fed the same feed without MPs. Whole-body larvae were sampled at 30 and 60 dph, and four months later the skin of 10 g juveniles was sampled. The PCBs and PBDEs concentrations were significantly higher in MP larvae compared to the control larvae at 30 dph, but the significance dissipated at 60 dph. Expression of stress-related genes in cod larvae at 30 and 60 dph showed inconclusive minor random effects. The skin of MP juveniles showed disrupted epithelial integrity, fewer club cells and downregulation of a suite of genes involved in immunity, metabolism and the development of skin. Our study showed that POPs were transferred through the food web and accumulated in the larvae, but that the level of pollutants decreased once the exposure was ceased, possibly related to growth dilution. Considering the transcriptomic and histological findings, POPs spiked to MPs and/or MPs themselves may have long-term effects in the skin barrier defense system, immune response and epithelium integrity, which may potentially reduce the robustness and overall fitness of the fish. Text atlantic cod Gadus morhua PubMed Central (PMC) International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 12 10326 |
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Article Bogevik, André S. Puvanendran, Velmurugu Vorkamp, Katrin Burgerhout, Erik Hansen, Øyvind Fernández-Míguez, María Krasnov, Aleksei Afanasyev, Sergey Høst, Vibeke Ytteborg, Elisabeth Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
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description |
Omnipresent microplastics (MPs) in marine ecosystems are ingested at all trophic levels and may be a vector for the transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the food web. We fed rotifers polyethylene MPs (1–4 µm) spiked with seven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In turn, these rotifers were fed to cod larvae from 2–30 days post-hatching (dph), while the control groups were fed rotifers without MPs. After 30 dph, all the groups were fed the same feed without MPs. Whole-body larvae were sampled at 30 and 60 dph, and four months later the skin of 10 g juveniles was sampled. The PCBs and PBDEs concentrations were significantly higher in MP larvae compared to the control larvae at 30 dph, but the significance dissipated at 60 dph. Expression of stress-related genes in cod larvae at 30 and 60 dph showed inconclusive minor random effects. The skin of MP juveniles showed disrupted epithelial integrity, fewer club cells and downregulation of a suite of genes involved in immunity, metabolism and the development of skin. Our study showed that POPs were transferred through the food web and accumulated in the larvae, but that the level of pollutants decreased once the exposure was ceased, possibly related to growth dilution. Considering the transcriptomic and histological findings, POPs spiked to MPs and/or MPs themselves may have long-term effects in the skin barrier defense system, immune response and epithelium integrity, which may potentially reduce the robustness and overall fitness of the fish. |
format |
Text |
author |
Bogevik, André S. Puvanendran, Velmurugu Vorkamp, Katrin Burgerhout, Erik Hansen, Øyvind Fernández-Míguez, María Krasnov, Aleksei Afanasyev, Sergey Høst, Vibeke Ytteborg, Elisabeth |
author_facet |
Bogevik, André S. Puvanendran, Velmurugu Vorkamp, Katrin Burgerhout, Erik Hansen, Øyvind Fernández-Míguez, María Krasnov, Aleksei Afanasyev, Sergey Høst, Vibeke Ytteborg, Elisabeth |
author_sort |
Bogevik, André S. |
title |
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
title_short |
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
title_full |
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
title_fullStr |
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae |
title_sort |
long-term influence of pcb- and pbde-spiked microplastic spheres fed through rotifers to atlantic cod (gadus morhua) larvae |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299254/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373473 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
Int J Mol Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10299254/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37373473 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 |
op_rights |
© 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210326 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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24 |
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12 |
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10326 |
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1772180530625773568 |