Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020
The tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus) is the main vector of several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (agent of Lyme borreliosis) and tick‐borne encephalitis virus. Its distribution depends on many factors including suitable habitat, climate and presence of hosts. In this...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10092138 2023-06-06T11:52:40+02:00 Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 Gandy, Sara L. Hansford, Kayleigh M. Medlock, Jolyon M. 2022-10-14 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10092138/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36239468 https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 en eng Blackwell Publishing Ltd http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10092138/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36239468 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 © 2022 Crown copyright. Medical and Veterinary Entomology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Med Vet Entomol Original Articles Text 2022 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 2023-04-16T01:08:45Z The tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus) is the main vector of several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (agent of Lyme borreliosis) and tick‐borne encephalitis virus. Its distribution depends on many factors including suitable habitat, climate and presence of hosts. In this study, we present records of I. ricinus bites on humans, dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; Carnivora: Canidae, L.) and cats (Felis catus; Carnivora: Felidiae, L.) in the United Kingdom (UK) obtained through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020. We divided the UK into 20 km x 20 km grids and 9.2% (range 1.2%–30%) of grids had at least one record every year since 2013. Most regions reported a yearly increase in the percentage of grids reporting I. ricinus since 2013 and the highest changes occurred in the South and East England with 5%–6.7% of new grids reporting I. ricinus bites each year in areas that never reported ticks before. Spatiotemporal analyses suggested that, while all regions recorded I. ricinus in new areas every year, there was a yearly decline in the percentage of new areas covered, except for Scotland. We discuss potential drivers of tick expansion, including reforestation and increase in deer populations. Text Canis lupus PubMed Central (PMC) Medical and Veterinary Entomology 37 1 96 104 |
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Original Articles Gandy, Sara L. Hansford, Kayleigh M. Medlock, Jolyon M. Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
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Original Articles |
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The tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Linnaeus) is the main vector of several pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (agent of Lyme borreliosis) and tick‐borne encephalitis virus. Its distribution depends on many factors including suitable habitat, climate and presence of hosts. In this study, we present records of I. ricinus bites on humans, dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; Carnivora: Canidae, L.) and cats (Felis catus; Carnivora: Felidiae, L.) in the United Kingdom (UK) obtained through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020. We divided the UK into 20 km x 20 km grids and 9.2% (range 1.2%–30%) of grids had at least one record every year since 2013. Most regions reported a yearly increase in the percentage of grids reporting I. ricinus since 2013 and the highest changes occurred in the South and East England with 5%–6.7% of new grids reporting I. ricinus bites each year in areas that never reported ticks before. Spatiotemporal analyses suggested that, while all regions recorded I. ricinus in new areas every year, there was a yearly decline in the percentage of new areas covered, except for Scotland. We discuss potential drivers of tick expansion, including reforestation and increase in deer populations. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gandy, Sara L. Hansford, Kayleigh M. Medlock, Jolyon M. |
author_facet |
Gandy, Sara L. Hansford, Kayleigh M. Medlock, Jolyon M. |
author_sort |
Gandy, Sara L. |
title |
Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
title_short |
Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
title_full |
Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
title_fullStr |
Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Possible expansion of Ixodes ricinus in the United Kingdom identified through the Tick Surveillance Scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
title_sort |
possible expansion of ixodes ricinus in the united kingdom identified through the tick surveillance scheme between 2013 and 2020 |
publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10092138/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36239468 https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Med Vet Entomol |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10092138/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36239468 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 |
op_rights |
© 2022 Crown copyright. Medical and Veterinary Entomology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Entomological Society. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12612 |
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Medical and Veterinary Entomology |
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37 |
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1 |
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96 |
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104 |
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