Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords.
In May-June 2019, the microalga Chrysochromulina leadbeateri caused a massive fish-killing event in several fjords in Northern Norway, resulting in the largest direct impact ever on aquaculture in northern Europe due to toxic algae. Motivated by the fact that no algal toxins have previously been des...
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ftpubmed:39003025 2024-09-09T19:59:26+00:00 Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. Wang, Xinhui Fon, Mathias Andersen, Aaron J C Solhaug, Anita Ingebrigtsen, Richard A Samdal, Ingunn A Uhlig, Silvio Miles, Christopher O Edvardsen, Bente Larsen, Thomas O 2024-08 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39003025 eng eng Elsevier Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39003025 Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. Harmful Algae ISSN:1878-1470 Volume:137 Algal bloom Bioassay-guided fractionation Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Ichthyotoxins RTgill-W1 Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2024 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 2024-08-27T16:03:00Z In May-June 2019, the microalga Chrysochromulina leadbeateri caused a massive fish-killing event in several fjords in Northern Norway, resulting in the largest direct impact ever on aquaculture in northern Europe due to toxic algae. Motivated by the fact that no algal toxins have previously been described from C. leadbeateri, we set out to investigate the chemical nature and toxicity of secondary metabolites in extracts of two strains (UIO 393, UIO 394) isolated from the 2019 bloom, as well as one older strain (UIO 035) isolated during a bloom in Northern Norway in 1991. Initial LC-DAD-MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis of the crude MeOH extracts of the cultivated strains showed that their profiles of small organic molecules, including a large number of known lipids, were very similar, suggesting that the same class of toxin(s) were likely the causative agents of the two harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Next, bioassay-guided fractionation using the RTgill-W1 cell line and metabolomics analysis pointed to a major compound affording [M + H]+ ions at m/z 1399.8333 as a possible toxin, corresponding to a compound with the formula C67H127ClO27. Moreover, our study unveiled a series of minor analogues exhibiting distinct patterns of chlorination and sulfation, together defining a new family of compounds, which we propose to name leadbeaterins. Remarkably, these suspected toxins were detected in situ in samples collected during the 2019 bloom close to Tromsø, thereby consistent with a role in fish kills. The elemental compositions of the putative C. leadbeateri ichthyotoxins strongly indicate them to be long linear polyhydroxylated polyketides, structurally similar to sterolysins reported from a number of dinoflagellates. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Norway Tromsø PubMed Central (PMC) Norway Tromsø Harmful Algae 137 102681 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Algal bloom Bioassay-guided fractionation Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Ichthyotoxins RTgill-W1 |
spellingShingle |
Algal bloom Bioassay-guided fractionation Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Ichthyotoxins RTgill-W1 Wang, Xinhui Fon, Mathias Andersen, Aaron J C Solhaug, Anita Ingebrigtsen, Richard A Samdal, Ingunn A Uhlig, Silvio Miles, Christopher O Edvardsen, Bente Larsen, Thomas O Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
topic_facet |
Algal bloom Bioassay-guided fractionation Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Ichthyotoxins RTgill-W1 |
description |
In May-June 2019, the microalga Chrysochromulina leadbeateri caused a massive fish-killing event in several fjords in Northern Norway, resulting in the largest direct impact ever on aquaculture in northern Europe due to toxic algae. Motivated by the fact that no algal toxins have previously been described from C. leadbeateri, we set out to investigate the chemical nature and toxicity of secondary metabolites in extracts of two strains (UIO 393, UIO 394) isolated from the 2019 bloom, as well as one older strain (UIO 035) isolated during a bloom in Northern Norway in 1991. Initial LC-DAD-MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis of the crude MeOH extracts of the cultivated strains showed that their profiles of small organic molecules, including a large number of known lipids, were very similar, suggesting that the same class of toxin(s) were likely the causative agents of the two harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Next, bioassay-guided fractionation using the RTgill-W1 cell line and metabolomics analysis pointed to a major compound affording [M + H]+ ions at m/z 1399.8333 as a possible toxin, corresponding to a compound with the formula C67H127ClO27. Moreover, our study unveiled a series of minor analogues exhibiting distinct patterns of chlorination and sulfation, together defining a new family of compounds, which we propose to name leadbeaterins. Remarkably, these suspected toxins were detected in situ in samples collected during the 2019 bloom close to Tromsø, thereby consistent with a role in fish kills. The elemental compositions of the putative C. leadbeateri ichthyotoxins strongly indicate them to be long linear polyhydroxylated polyketides, structurally similar to sterolysins reported from a number of dinoflagellates. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wang, Xinhui Fon, Mathias Andersen, Aaron J C Solhaug, Anita Ingebrigtsen, Richard A Samdal, Ingunn A Uhlig, Silvio Miles, Christopher O Edvardsen, Bente Larsen, Thomas O |
author_facet |
Wang, Xinhui Fon, Mathias Andersen, Aaron J C Solhaug, Anita Ingebrigtsen, Richard A Samdal, Ingunn A Uhlig, Silvio Miles, Christopher O Edvardsen, Bente Larsen, Thomas O |
author_sort |
Wang, Xinhui |
title |
Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
title_short |
Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
title_full |
Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
title_fullStr |
Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. |
title_sort |
insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in northern norwegian fjords. |
publisher |
Elsevier Science |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39003025 |
geographic |
Norway Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Norway Tromsø |
genre |
Northern Norway Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway Tromsø |
op_source |
Harmful Algae ISSN:1878-1470 Volume:137 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39003025 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681 |
container_title |
Harmful Algae |
container_volume |
137 |
container_start_page |
102681 |
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1809930570470260736 |