Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibl...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943363 |
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ftpubmed:38943363 2024-09-15T17:56:14+00:00 Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund-Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf 2024 Jun 29 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943363 eng eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943363 © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Fish Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. J Fish Dis ISSN:1365-2761 black spots fat necrosis hypoxia melanin melanosis melano‐macrophage Journal Article 2024 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 2024-06-30T16:01:00Z Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibly leading to necrosis affecting not only myocytes but also adipocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible hypoxic conditions in RFCs and the subsequent inflammatory responses and lesions in the adipose tissue in RFCs and MFCs. A collection of RFCs, MFCs and control muscle samples from several groups of farmed salmon was studied. Using immunohistochemistry, we found induction of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway in RFCs. Histological investigations of RFCs and MFCs revealed different stages of fat necrosis, including necrotic adipocytes, a myospherulosis-like reaction and the formation of pseudocystic spaces. Accumulations of foamy macrophages were detected in MFCs, indicating degradation and phagocytosis of lipids. Using in situ hybridization, we showed the presence of tyrosinase- and tyrosinase-related protein-1-expressing amelanotic cells in RFCs, which in turn became melanized in MFCs. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of events leading to the formation of MFCs, highlighting the pivotal role of adiposity, hypoxia and fat necrosis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Journal of Fish Diseases |
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Open Polar |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
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language |
English |
topic |
black spots fat necrosis hypoxia melanin melanosis melano‐macrophage |
spellingShingle |
black spots fat necrosis hypoxia melanin melanosis melano‐macrophage Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund-Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
topic_facet |
black spots fat necrosis hypoxia melanin melanosis melano‐macrophage |
description |
Melanized focal changes (MFCs) in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon is a major quality concern. The changes are thought to initially appear as acute red focal changes (RFCs) that progress into chronic MFCs. Recent findings have indicated that hypoxia may be important in their development, possibly leading to necrosis affecting not only myocytes but also adipocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible hypoxic conditions in RFCs and the subsequent inflammatory responses and lesions in the adipose tissue in RFCs and MFCs. A collection of RFCs, MFCs and control muscle samples from several groups of farmed salmon was studied. Using immunohistochemistry, we found induction of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway in RFCs. Histological investigations of RFCs and MFCs revealed different stages of fat necrosis, including necrotic adipocytes, a myospherulosis-like reaction and the formation of pseudocystic spaces. Accumulations of foamy macrophages were detected in MFCs, indicating degradation and phagocytosis of lipids. Using in situ hybridization, we showed the presence of tyrosinase- and tyrosinase-related protein-1-expressing amelanotic cells in RFCs, which in turn became melanized in MFCs. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of events leading to the formation of MFCs, highlighting the pivotal role of adiposity, hypoxia and fat necrosis. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund-Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf |
author_facet |
Bjørgen, Håvard Brimsholm, Malin Asserson, Charlotte Finstad Skaar, Kirstin Knutsen, Geir Magne Oaland, Øyvind Haldorsen, Randi Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Rimstad, Espen Kleist, Britta Andrea Lund-Iversen, Marius Kowalewski, Mariusz Pawel Koppang, Erling Olaf |
author_sort |
Bjørgen, Håvard |
title |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_short |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_full |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_fullStr |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_sort |
deciphering the pathogenesis of melanized focal changes in the white skeletal muscle of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar). |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943363 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
J Fish Dis ISSN:1365-2761 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943363 |
op_rights |
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Fish Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13988 |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Diseases |
_version_ |
1810432446737416192 |