Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts
Host-adapted microorganisms are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living, environmental microorganisms, as examples of the reverse process are rare. In the phylum Gammaproteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, the genus Psychrobacter includes strains from a broad ecological distribution includ...
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ftpubman:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3377193 2023-08-27T04:11:38+02:00 Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts Welter, D. Ruaud, A. Henseler, Z. De Jong, H. van Coeverden de Groot, P. Michaux, J. Gormezano, L. Waters, J. Youngblut, N. Ley, R. 2021-04 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-51A4-1 unknown info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00258-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/33850039 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-51A4-1 mSystems info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2021 ftpubman https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00258-21 2023-08-02T01:04:13Z Host-adapted microorganisms are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living, environmental microorganisms, as examples of the reverse process are rare. In the phylum Gammaproteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, the genus Psychrobacter includes strains from a broad ecological distribution including animal bodies as well as sea ice and other nonhost environments. To elucidate the relationship between these ecological niches and Psychrobacter's evolutionary history, we performed tandem genomic analyses with phenotyping of 85 Psychrobacter accessions. Phylogenomic analysis of the family Moraxellaceae reveals that basal members of the Psychrobacter clade are Moraxella spp., a group of often-pathogenic organisms. Psychrobacter exhibited two broad growth patterns in our phenotypic screen: one group that we called the "flexible ecotype" (FE) had the ability to grow between 4 and 37°C, and the other, which we called the "restricted ecotype" (RE), could grow between 4 and 25°C. The FE group includes phylogenetically basal strains, and FE strains exhibit increased transposon copy numbers, smaller genomes, and a higher likelihood to be bile salt resistant. The RE group contains only phylogenetically derived strains and has increased proportions of lipid metabolism and biofilm formation genes, functions that are adaptive to cold stress. In a 16S rRNA gene survey of polar bear fecal samples, we detect both FE and RE strains, but in in vivo colonizations of gnotobiotic mice, only FE strains persist. Our results indicate the ability to grow at 37°C, seemingly necessary for mammalian gut colonization, is an ancestral trait for Psychrobacter, which likely evolved from a pathobiont.IMPORTANCE Host-associated microbes are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living ones. The evolutionary transition of microbes in the opposite direction, from host associated toward free living, has been predicted based on phylogenetic data but not studied in depth. Here, we provide evidence that the genus Psychrobacter, particularly well ... Article in Journal/Newspaper polar bear Sea ice Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe mSystems 6 2 |
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Open Polar |
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Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe |
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ftpubman |
language |
unknown |
description |
Host-adapted microorganisms are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living, environmental microorganisms, as examples of the reverse process are rare. In the phylum Gammaproteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, the genus Psychrobacter includes strains from a broad ecological distribution including animal bodies as well as sea ice and other nonhost environments. To elucidate the relationship between these ecological niches and Psychrobacter's evolutionary history, we performed tandem genomic analyses with phenotyping of 85 Psychrobacter accessions. Phylogenomic analysis of the family Moraxellaceae reveals that basal members of the Psychrobacter clade are Moraxella spp., a group of often-pathogenic organisms. Psychrobacter exhibited two broad growth patterns in our phenotypic screen: one group that we called the "flexible ecotype" (FE) had the ability to grow between 4 and 37°C, and the other, which we called the "restricted ecotype" (RE), could grow between 4 and 25°C. The FE group includes phylogenetically basal strains, and FE strains exhibit increased transposon copy numbers, smaller genomes, and a higher likelihood to be bile salt resistant. The RE group contains only phylogenetically derived strains and has increased proportions of lipid metabolism and biofilm formation genes, functions that are adaptive to cold stress. In a 16S rRNA gene survey of polar bear fecal samples, we detect both FE and RE strains, but in in vivo colonizations of gnotobiotic mice, only FE strains persist. Our results indicate the ability to grow at 37°C, seemingly necessary for mammalian gut colonization, is an ancestral trait for Psychrobacter, which likely evolved from a pathobiont.IMPORTANCE Host-associated microbes are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living ones. The evolutionary transition of microbes in the opposite direction, from host associated toward free living, has been predicted based on phylogenetic data but not studied in depth. Here, we provide evidence that the genus Psychrobacter, particularly well ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Welter, D. Ruaud, A. Henseler, Z. De Jong, H. van Coeverden de Groot, P. Michaux, J. Gormezano, L. Waters, J. Youngblut, N. Ley, R. |
spellingShingle |
Welter, D. Ruaud, A. Henseler, Z. De Jong, H. van Coeverden de Groot, P. Michaux, J. Gormezano, L. Waters, J. Youngblut, N. Ley, R. Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
author_facet |
Welter, D. Ruaud, A. Henseler, Z. De Jong, H. van Coeverden de Groot, P. Michaux, J. Gormezano, L. Waters, J. Youngblut, N. Ley, R. |
author_sort |
Welter, D. |
title |
Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
title_short |
Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
title_full |
Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
title_fullStr |
Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Psychrobacter Are Descendants of Pathobionts |
title_sort |
free-living, psychrotrophic bacteria of the genus psychrobacter are descendants of pathobionts |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-51A4-1 |
genre |
polar bear Sea ice |
genre_facet |
polar bear Sea ice |
op_source |
mSystems |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00258-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/33850039 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-51A4-1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00258-21 |
container_title |
mSystems |
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6 |
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2 |
_version_ |
1775354585907462144 |