Improvement in the decadal prediction skill of the North Atlantic extratropical winter circulation through increased model resolution

• Published in: Earth System Dynamics
• Main Authors: Schuster, M., Grieger, J., Richling, A., Schartner, T., Illing, S., Kadow, C., Müller, W., Pohlmann, H., Pfahl, S., Ulbrich, U.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: north atlantic current; North Atlantic
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-694B-2; http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-694F-E; http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-6950-B

In this study the latest version of the MiKlip decadal hindcast system is analyzed, and the effect of an increased horizontal and vertical resolution on the prediction skill of the extratropical winter circulation is assessed. Four different metrics-the storm track, blocking, cyclone and windstorm frequencies-are analyzed in the North Atlantic and European region. The model bias and the deterministic decadal hindcast skill are evaluated in ensembles of five members in a lower-resolution version (LR, atm: T63L47, ocean: 1.5° L40) and a higher-resolution version (HR, atm: T127L95, ocean: 0.4° L40) of the MiKlip system based on the Max Planck Institute Earth System model (MPI-ESM). The skill is assessed for the lead winters 2-5 in terms of the anomaly correlation of the quantities' winter averages using initializations between 1978 and 2012. The deterministic predictions are considered skillful if the anomaly correlation is positive and statistically significant. While the LR version shows common shortcomings of lower-resolution climate models, e.g., a storm track that is too zonal and southward displaced as well as a negative bias of blocking frequencies over the eastern North Atlantic and Europe, the HR version counteracts these biases. Cyclones, i.e., their frequencies and characteristics like strength and lifetime, are particularly better represented in HR. As a result, a chain of significantly improved decadal prediction skill between all four metrics is found with the increase in the spatial resolution. While the skill of the storm track is significantly improved primarily over the main source region of synoptic activity-the North Atlantic Current-the other extratropical quantities experience a significant improvement primarily downstream thereof, i.e., in regions where the synoptic systems typically intensify. Thus, the skill of the cyclone frequencies is significantly improved over the central North Atlantic and northern Europe, the skill of the blocking frequencies is significantly improved over the ...