Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla
In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new...
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ftpubman:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3038498 2023-08-27T04:11:00+02:00 Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla Nylund, G. Weinberger, F. Rempt, M. Pohnert, G. 2011 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601D-1 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601F-F eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601D-1 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601F-F info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PLoS One info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 ftpubman https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 2023-08-02T00:38:35Z In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new approaches towards the characterisation of the chemically mediated interactions of organisms with their environment. We address defence responses in the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla using mass spectrometry based metabolomics in combination with bioassays. Being invasive in the north Atlantic this alga is likely to possess chemical defences according to the prediction that well-defended exotics are most likely to become successful invaders in systems dominated by generalist grazers, such as marine macroalgal communities. We investigated the effect of intense herbivore feeding and simulated herbivory by mechanical wounding of the algae. Both processes led to similar changes in the metabolic profile. Feeding experiments with the generalist isopod grazer Idotea baltica showed that mechanical wounding caused a significant increase in grazer resistance. Structure elucidation of the metabolites of which some were up-regulated more than 100 times in the wounded tissue, revealed known and novel eicosanoids as major components. Among these were prostaglandins, hydroxylated fatty acids and arachidonic acid derived conjugated lactones. Bioassays with pure metabolites showed that these eicosanoids are part of the innate defence system of macroalgae, similarly to animal systems. In accordance with an induced defence mechanism application of extracts from wounded tissue caused a significant increase in grazer resistance and the up-regulation of other pathways than in the activated defence. Thus, this study suggests that G. vermiculophylla chemically deters herbivory by two lines of defence, a rapid wound-activated process followed by a slower inducible defence. By unravelling involved pathways using metabolomics this work ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe PLoS ONE 6 12 e29359 |
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Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe |
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ftpubman |
language |
English |
description |
In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new approaches towards the characterisation of the chemically mediated interactions of organisms with their environment. We address defence responses in the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla using mass spectrometry based metabolomics in combination with bioassays. Being invasive in the north Atlantic this alga is likely to possess chemical defences according to the prediction that well-defended exotics are most likely to become successful invaders in systems dominated by generalist grazers, such as marine macroalgal communities. We investigated the effect of intense herbivore feeding and simulated herbivory by mechanical wounding of the algae. Both processes led to similar changes in the metabolic profile. Feeding experiments with the generalist isopod grazer Idotea baltica showed that mechanical wounding caused a significant increase in grazer resistance. Structure elucidation of the metabolites of which some were up-regulated more than 100 times in the wounded tissue, revealed known and novel eicosanoids as major components. Among these were prostaglandins, hydroxylated fatty acids and arachidonic acid derived conjugated lactones. Bioassays with pure metabolites showed that these eicosanoids are part of the innate defence system of macroalgae, similarly to animal systems. In accordance with an induced defence mechanism application of extracts from wounded tissue caused a significant increase in grazer resistance and the up-regulation of other pathways than in the activated defence. Thus, this study suggests that G. vermiculophylla chemically deters herbivory by two lines of defence, a rapid wound-activated process followed by a slower inducible defence. By unravelling involved pathways using metabolomics this work ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nylund, G. Weinberger, F. Rempt, M. Pohnert, G. |
spellingShingle |
Nylund, G. Weinberger, F. Rempt, M. Pohnert, G. Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
author_facet |
Nylund, G. Weinberger, F. Rempt, M. Pohnert, G. |
author_sort |
Nylund, G. |
title |
Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_short |
Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_full |
Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_fullStr |
Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_sort |
metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga gracilaria vermiculophylla |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601D-1 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601F-F |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
PLoS One |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601D-1 http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-601F-F |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e29359 |
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1775353436572745728 |