The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in...
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ftpubman:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1133623 2023-08-20T04:09:41+02:00 The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review Hunke, E. Notz, D. Turner, A. Vancoppenolle, M. 2011 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-2449-9 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1272-E eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-2449-9 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1272-E info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Cryosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 ftpubman https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 2023-08-01T23:32:08Z Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be embedded into the water-ice crystal lattice upon formation of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice porosity (determined by temperature and salinity), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward earth system simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy-layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. © 2011 Author(s) Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe The Cryosphere 5 4 989 1009 |
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Open Polar |
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Max Planck Society: MPG.PuRe |
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ftpubman |
language |
English |
description |
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be embedded into the water-ice crystal lattice upon formation of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice porosity (determined by temperature and salinity), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward earth system simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy-layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. © 2011 Author(s) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hunke, E. Notz, D. Turner, A. Vancoppenolle, M. |
spellingShingle |
Hunke, E. Notz, D. Turner, A. Vancoppenolle, M. The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
author_facet |
Hunke, E. Notz, D. Turner, A. Vancoppenolle, M. |
author_sort |
Hunke, E. |
title |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
title_short |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
title_full |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
title_fullStr |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
title_full_unstemmed |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: A review |
title_sort |
multiphase physics of sea ice: a review |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-2449-9 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1272-E |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Cryosphere |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-2449-9 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1272-E |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
989 |
op_container_end_page |
1009 |
_version_ |
1774723288788893696 |