Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics
Enhanced warming and increasingly ice-free Arctic seas affect Arctic precipitation. We investigate increased Arctic precipitation due to declining sea ice by relating variations in moisture sources to stable isotope compositions of precipitation. We develop a novel method for deriving moisture sourc...
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Dartmouth College
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ftproquest:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:1553179 2023-05-15T14:48:43+02:00 Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics Putman, Annie L. 2013-01-01 00:00:01.0 http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553179 ENG eng Dartmouth College http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553179 Hydrologic sciences|Climate Change|Geochemistry thesis 2013 ftproquest 2021-03-13T17:36:25Z Enhanced warming and increasingly ice-free Arctic seas affect Arctic precipitation. We investigate increased Arctic precipitation due to declining sea ice by relating variations in moisture sources to stable isotope compositions of precipitation. We develop a novel method for deriving moisture sources using condensation profiles derived from cloud radar measurements to formulate initial heights for air mass back trajectories. This method was used to locate the moisture sources of seventy Barrow, AK storm events between 2009 and 2013. Trajectories were calculated by NOAA's HYSPLIT, using GDAS reanalysis wind fields. We demonstrate that the moisture source migrates with season, from distal in winter to proximal in summer. Moisture source dew point exhibits a semiannual cycle, with summer and winter maxima. The spring minimum reflects the reintroduction of the Arctic source. The autumn dew point minimum reflects pre-ice ocean cooling locally. 36% of isotopic variation is statistically explained by a combination of the moisture source dew point and trajectory cooling. Transport distance and path both influence the best descriptor of isotopic composition. For local events, dew point is the stronger influence on isotopic composition, explaining 21% of variance. For distal events, the effects of trajectory cooling supersedes the moisture source signal. The orographic effect of the Alaskan and Brooks ranges account for the influence of trajectory path on isotopic composition. Local moisture events during transition seasons were slightly enriched relative to distal events. If we measure further isotopic enrichment during future transition seasons, it may reflect increased contributions from the Arctic source and thus precipitation increase. Deuterium excess reflects various combinations of latitude, sea surface temperature and relative humidity. Moisture source dew point significantly but weakly predicts storm-specific d-excess. Similar analyses can be performed across the Arctic if reanalysis data can generate reliable condensation profiles. To evaluate the efficacy of condensation profiles produced by reanalysis data, we compared the condensation profiles derived from cloud radar to those from reanalysis. On average, reanalysis produced condensation profiles with mean cloud height 1.4 times higher than those from cloud radar. The greater elevation bias translated into a more distal, and thus warmer and drier, moisture source. Thesis Arctic Barrow Climate change Sea ice Alaska PQDT Open: Open Access Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest) Arctic |
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PQDT Open: Open Access Dissertations and Theses (ProQuest) |
op_collection_id |
ftproquest |
language |
English |
topic |
Hydrologic sciences|Climate Change|Geochemistry |
spellingShingle |
Hydrologic sciences|Climate Change|Geochemistry Putman, Annie L. Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
topic_facet |
Hydrologic sciences|Climate Change|Geochemistry |
description |
Enhanced warming and increasingly ice-free Arctic seas affect Arctic precipitation. We investigate increased Arctic precipitation due to declining sea ice by relating variations in moisture sources to stable isotope compositions of precipitation. We develop a novel method for deriving moisture sources using condensation profiles derived from cloud radar measurements to formulate initial heights for air mass back trajectories. This method was used to locate the moisture sources of seventy Barrow, AK storm events between 2009 and 2013. Trajectories were calculated by NOAA's HYSPLIT, using GDAS reanalysis wind fields. We demonstrate that the moisture source migrates with season, from distal in winter to proximal in summer. Moisture source dew point exhibits a semiannual cycle, with summer and winter maxima. The spring minimum reflects the reintroduction of the Arctic source. The autumn dew point minimum reflects pre-ice ocean cooling locally. 36% of isotopic variation is statistically explained by a combination of the moisture source dew point and trajectory cooling. Transport distance and path both influence the best descriptor of isotopic composition. For local events, dew point is the stronger influence on isotopic composition, explaining 21% of variance. For distal events, the effects of trajectory cooling supersedes the moisture source signal. The orographic effect of the Alaskan and Brooks ranges account for the influence of trajectory path on isotopic composition. Local moisture events during transition seasons were slightly enriched relative to distal events. If we measure further isotopic enrichment during future transition seasons, it may reflect increased contributions from the Arctic source and thus precipitation increase. Deuterium excess reflects various combinations of latitude, sea surface temperature and relative humidity. Moisture source dew point significantly but weakly predicts storm-specific d-excess. Similar analyses can be performed across the Arctic if reanalysis data can generate reliable condensation profiles. To evaluate the efficacy of condensation profiles produced by reanalysis data, we compared the condensation profiles derived from cloud radar to those from reanalysis. On average, reanalysis produced condensation profiles with mean cloud height 1.4 times higher than those from cloud radar. The greater elevation bias translated into a more distal, and thus warmer and drier, moisture source. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Putman, Annie L. |
author_facet |
Putman, Annie L. |
author_sort |
Putman, Annie L. |
title |
Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
title_short |
Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
title_full |
Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
title_fullStr |
Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracking the moisture sources of storms at Barrow, Alaska: Seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
title_sort |
tracking the moisture sources of storms at barrow, alaska: seasonal variations and isotopic characteristics |
publisher |
Dartmouth College |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553179 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Barrow Climate change Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barrow Climate change Sea ice Alaska |
op_relation |
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553179 |
_version_ |
1766319798172516352 |