Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Language: | English |
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Frontiers in Marine Science
2021
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Online Access: | http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/ http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/1/Kohlbach%20et%20al.%202021b%20FMS.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 |
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ftplymouthml:oai:plymsea.ac.uk:9308 2023-05-15T15:38:32+02:00 Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton Kohlbach, D Schmidt, K Hop, H Wold, A Al-Habahbeh, AK Belt, ST Woll, M Graeve, M Smik, L Atkinson, A Assmy, P 2021-03-24 text http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/ http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/1/Kohlbach%20et%20al.%202021b%20FMS.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 en eng Frontiers in Marine Science http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/1/Kohlbach%20et%20al.%202021b%20FMS.pdf Kohlbach, D; Schmidt, K; Hop, H; Wold, A; Al-Habahbeh, AK; Belt, ST; Woll, M; Graeve, M; Smik, L; Atkinson, A; Assmy, P. 2021 Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050> cc_by_4 CC-BY Publication - Article PeerReviewed 2021 ftplymouthml https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 2022-09-13T05:49:55Z The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum. Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus. Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP25 and IPSO25) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both zooplankton ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA - Plymouth Marine Laboratory, PML) Barents Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA - Plymouth Marine Laboratory, PML) |
op_collection_id |
ftplymouthml |
language |
English |
description |
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum. Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus. Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP25 and IPSO25) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both zooplankton ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kohlbach, D Schmidt, K Hop, H Wold, A Al-Habahbeh, AK Belt, ST Woll, M Graeve, M Smik, L Atkinson, A Assmy, P |
spellingShingle |
Kohlbach, D Schmidt, K Hop, H Wold, A Al-Habahbeh, AK Belt, ST Woll, M Graeve, M Smik, L Atkinson, A Assmy, P Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
author_facet |
Kohlbach, D Schmidt, K Hop, H Wold, A Al-Habahbeh, AK Belt, ST Woll, M Graeve, M Smik, L Atkinson, A Assmy, P |
author_sort |
Kohlbach, D |
title |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_short |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_fullStr |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_sort |
winter carnivory and diapause counteract the reliance on ice algae by barents sea zooplankton |
publisher |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/ http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/1/Kohlbach%20et%20al.%202021b%20FMS.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 |
geographic |
Barents Sea |
geographic_facet |
Barents Sea |
genre |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
genre_facet |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
op_relation |
http://plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/9308/1/Kohlbach%20et%20al.%202021b%20FMS.pdf Kohlbach, D; Schmidt, K; Hop, H; Wold, A; Al-Habahbeh, AK; Belt, ST; Woll, M; Graeve, M; Smik, L; Atkinson, A; Assmy, P. 2021 Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766369557561212928 |