Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions
During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in th...
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ftphbern:oai:phrepo.phbern.ch:468 2023-05-15T17:33:50+02:00 Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U. Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C. Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C. 2019 https://phrepo.phbern.ch/468/ eng eng Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U.; Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C. (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12 (8), pp. 650-656. 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y> 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y 1752-0894 https://phrepo.phbern.ch/468/ info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U.; Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C. (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12 (8), pp. 650-656. 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y> info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion PeerReviewed 2019 ftphbern https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y 2023-02-27T00:41:35Z During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic REPO PHBern (Open Access Repository Bern University of Teacher Education) Nature Geoscience 12 8 650 656 |
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Open Polar |
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REPO PHBern (Open Access Repository Bern University of Teacher Education) |
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ftphbern |
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English |
description |
During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of eruptions in observations, global three-dimensional climate field reconstructions and coupled climate model simulations. All the eruptions were followed by substantial drops of summer temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas. In addition to the direct radiative effect, which lasts 2–3 years, the simulated ocean–atmosphere heat exchange sustained cooling for several years after these eruptions, which affected the slow components of the climate system. Africa was hit by two decades of drought, global monsoons weakened and the tracks of low-pressure systems over the North Atlantic moved south. The low temperatures and increased precipitation in Europe triggered the last phase of the advance of Alpine glaciers. Only after the 1850s did the transition into the period of anthropogenic warming start. We conclude that the end of the Little Ice Age was marked by the recovery from a sequence of volcanic eruptions, which makes it difficult to define a single pre-industrial baseline. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U. Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C. Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C. |
spellingShingle |
Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U. Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C. Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C. Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
author_facet |
Brönnimann, Stefan Franke, Jörg Nussbaumer, Samuel U. Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg Steiner, Daniel Trachsel, Mathias Hegerl, Gabriele C. Schurer, Andrew Worni, Matthias Malik, Abdul Flückiger, Julian Raible, Christoph C. |
author_sort |
Brönnimann, Stefan |
title |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_short |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_full |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_fullStr |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions |
title_sort |
last phase of the little ice age forced by volcanic eruptions |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://phrepo.phbern.ch/468/ |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U.; Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C. (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12 (8), pp. 650-656. 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y> |
op_relation |
Brönnimann, Stefan; Franke, Jörg; Nussbaumer, Samuel U.; Zumbühl, Heinz Jürg; Steiner, Daniel; Trachsel, Mathias; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew; Worni, Matthias; Malik, Abdul; Flückiger, Julian; Raible, Christoph C. (2019). Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12 (8), pp. 650-656. 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y> 10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y 1752-0894 https://phrepo.phbern.ch/468/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0402-y |
container_title |
Nature Geoscience |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
650 |
op_container_end_page |
656 |
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1766132460739887104 |