Phaeohyphomycoses, Emerging Opportunistic Diseases in Animals

• Published in: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
• Main Authors: Seyedmousavi, S., Guillot, J., de Hoog, G. S.
• Other Authors: de Hoog, GS (reprint author), CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands., Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Med Microbiol, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands., Nijmegen Inst Infect Inflammat & Immun, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Ecole Natl Vet Alfort, Dept Parasitol Mycol, UMR BIPAR Anses, Dynamyc,Enva,Upec,UPE, Maisons Alfort, France., CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands., Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands., Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Ctr Med Mycol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China., Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
• Format: Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: clinical microbiology reviews 2013
• Subjects: LETHARGIC CRAB DISEASE; IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; FATAL SYSTEMIC PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; UCIDES-CORDATUS OCYPODIDAE; DEEP FUNGAL DERMATITIS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MANGROVE-LAND CRAB; 8 ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS; TOAD BUFO-MARINUS; CLADOPHIALOPHORA-BANTIANA; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/392366; https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00065-12

Emerging fungal diseases due to black yeasts and relatives in domestic or wild animals and in invertebrates or cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates are continually being reported, either as novel pathogens or as familiar pathogens affecting new species of hosts. Different epidemiological situations can be distinguished, i.e., occurrence as single infections or as zoonoses, and infection may occur sporadically in otherwise healthy hosts. Such infections are found mostly in mammals but also in cold-blooded animals, are frequently subcutaneous or cerebral, and bear much similarity to human primary disorders. Infections of the nervous system are mostly fatal, and the source and route of infection are currently unknown. A third epidemiological situation corresponds to pseudoepidemics, i.e., infection of a large host population due to a common source. It is often observed and generally hypothesized that the susceptible animals are under stress, e.g., due to poor housing conditions of mammals or to a change of basins in the case of fishes. The descriptions in this article represent an overview of the more commonly reported and recurring black fungi and the corresponding diseases in different types of animals. Microbiology SCI(E) 10 REVIEW 1 19-35 26