Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

The uncertainties on whether dicofol can be identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in terms of its long-range transport (LRT) potential and global distribution, are always a controversial topic during international regulation deliberations. The lack of monitoring data in remote backgroun...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental Science & Technology
Main Authors: Li, Li, Liu, Jianguo, Hu, Jianxin
Other Authors: Liu, JG (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China., Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China., Peking Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Reg Environm Qual, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
Format: Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: environmental science technology 2015
Subjects:
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
CAPTIVE AMERICAN KESTRELS
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
EMISSION INVENTORIES
DISTRIBUTION MODEL
MULTIMEDIA MODELS
ARCTIC-OCEAN
CHEMICALS
CHINA
FATE
Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/158735
https://doi.org/10.1021/es502092x
Description
Summary:The uncertainties on whether dicofol can be identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in terms of its long-range transport (LRT) potential and global distribution, are always a controversial topic during international regulation deliberations. The lack of monitoring data in remote background regions necessitates a model-based evaluation approach for assessing the global distribution of dicofol. However, few model simulations are available at present, as there is no inventory available for global historical usage of dicofol that has sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. To describe the current status of global emission, we first developed an inventory of global dicofol usage for the period of 2000-2012 at 1 degrees x 1 degrees latitude/longitude resolution. We then assessed the LRT potential of dicofol by calculating its Arctic Contamination Potential using the Globo-POP model. In addition, we simulated the global mass distribution and the fate of dicofol in the environment using the BETR-Global model at 15 degrees x 15 degrees latitude/longitude resolution. Our estimated inventory established that over the period of 13 years, a total of 28.2 kilo tonnes (kt) of dicofol was applied and released into the environment. East and Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean Coast, and Northern and Central America were identified as hotspots of usage and release. Dicofol exhibited a higher Arctic Contamination Potential than several confirmed Arctic contaminants, and a larger current volume of consumption than most existing POPs. The results of our BETR-Global simulation suggest that (i) dicofol can indeed be transported northward, most likely driven by both atmospheric and oceanic advections from source regions at midlatitudes, and (ii) dicofol will be enriched in remote background regions. Continuous use of dicofol in source regions will result in exposure both locally and in remote regions, and the examination of the potential for adverse effects is therefore of paramount importance. Proactive restrictions at the international level may be warranted. http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000347589300024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701 Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences SCI(E) EI PubMed 9 ARTICLE jgliu@pku.edu.cn 1 212-222 49

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