High-frequency, year-round time series of the carbonate chemistry in a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard)

• Main Authors: Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Alliouane, Samir, Fischer, Philipp
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2023
• Subjects: ACROSS; Advanced Remote Sensing – Ground-Truth Demo and Test Facilities; Alkalinity; total; Arctic Biodiversity & Livelihoods; AWIPEV; AWIPEV_based; AWIPEV-CO2_FB; AWIPEV-CO2_NB; Bottle; Niskin; Carbon; inorganic; dissolved; Carbonate chemistry; Carbon dioxide; partial pressure; CO2; Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas; COSYNA; CTD probe (SBE 38); DATE/TIME; FACE-IT; FBOX; FerryBox; SeaBird; SBE45; INTAROS; Integrated Arctic observation system; JERICO-NEXT; Joint European Research Infrastructure network for Coastal Observatory – Novel European eXpertise for coastal observaTories; Kongsberg Maritime; HydroC CO2 FT; Kongsfjorden; Svalbard; Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems; MOSES; Multiparameter probe; Sea & Sun Technology; CTD90; measured with Pole electrode cell; Manufacturer unknown; ADM 7; Multi parameter probe (CTD); Sea & Sun Technology GmbH; CTD90M; NIS; pH; Pressure; Arctic; Arctic biodiversity; Arctic Ocean; Carbonic acid; Kongsfjord*
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.957028; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.957028

The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms as well as ecosystems and the services they provide. Carbonate system data in the Arctic realm are spotty in space and time and, until recently, there was no time-series station measuring the carbonate chemistry at high frequency in this region, particularly in coastal waters. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (6 years) dataset of salinity, temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and pH at a coastal site (12 m) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. We show that the choice of formulations for calculating the dissociation constants of the carbonic acid remains unsettled, (2) the water column is generally somewhat stratified despite the shallow depth, (3) the saturation state of calcium carbonate is subject to large seasonal changes but never reaches undersaturation (Oa ranges between 1.4 and 3.0) and (4) pCO2 is lower than atmospheric CO2 at all seasons, making this site a sink for atmospheric CO2.