Seawater carbonate chemistry and test density, trace elements ratios of Peneroplis spp.

• Main Authors: Charrieau, Laurie M, Nagai, Yukiko, Kimoto, Kastunori, Below, Beatrice, Fujita, Kazuhiko, Toyofuku, Takashi
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2022
• Subjects: Alkalinity; total; standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Boron/Calcium ratio; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcium; Calculated using CO2calc; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon; inorganic; dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Density; EXP; Experiment; Experiment day; Foraminifera; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater; Heterotrophic prokaryotes; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.947963; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947963

Large Benthic Foraminifera are a crucial component of coral-reef ecosystems, which are currently threatened by ocean acidification. We conducted culture experiments to evaluate the impact of low pH on survival and test dissolution of the symbiont-bearing species Peneroplis spp., and to observe potential calcification recovery when specimens are placed back under reference pH value (7.9). We found that Peneroplis spp. displayed living activity up to 3 days at pH 6.9 (Omega cal < 1) or up to 1 month at pH 7.4 (Omega cal > 1), despite the dark and unfed conditions. Dissolution features were observed under low Omega cal values, such as changes in test density, peeled extrados layers, and decalcified tests with exposed organic linings. A new calcification phase started when specimens were placed back at reference pH. This calcification's resumption was an addition of new chambers without reparation of the dissolved parts, which is consistent with the porcelaneous calcification pathway of Peneroplis spp. The most decalcified specimens displayed a strong survival response by adding up to 8 new chambers, and the contribution of food supply in this process was highlighted. These results suggest that porcelaneous LBF species have some recovery abilities to short exposure (e.g., 3 days to 1 month) to acidified conditions. However, the geochemical signature of trace elements in the new calcite was impacted, and the majority of the new chambers were distorted and resulted in abnormal tests, which might hinder the specimens' reproduction and thus their survival on the long term.