Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa.
An enormous amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) has been dissolved into the ocean, leading to a lower pH and changes in the chemical properties of seawater, which has been termed ocean acidification (OA). The impacts of pCO2-driven acidification on immunity have been revealed recently in va...
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Language: | English |
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PANGAEA
2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 |
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ftpangaea:oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science |
op_collection_id |
ftpangaea |
language |
English |
topic |
Alkalinity total standard error Animalia Aragonite saturation state Benthic animals Benthos Bicarbonate ion Calcite saturation state Calculated using CO2SYS Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) Carbon inorganic dissolved Carbonate ion Carbonate system computation flag Carbon dioxide Coast and continental shelf Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2) EXP Experiment Experiment duration Fluorescence Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) Gene expression fold change relative standard deviation Gene expression (incl. proteomics) Gene name Laboratory experiment Lysozyme enzyme activity per cell Lysozyme in hemocytes Mollusca Nitric oxide in hemocytes |
spellingShingle |
Alkalinity total standard error Animalia Aragonite saturation state Benthic animals Benthos Bicarbonate ion Calcite saturation state Calculated using CO2SYS Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) Carbon inorganic dissolved Carbonate ion Carbonate system computation flag Carbon dioxide Coast and continental shelf Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2) EXP Experiment Experiment duration Fluorescence Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) Gene expression fold change relative standard deviation Gene expression (incl. proteomics) Gene name Laboratory experiment Lysozyme enzyme activity per cell Lysozyme in hemocytes Mollusca Nitric oxide in hemocytes Su, Wenhao Rong, Jiahuan Zha, Shanjie Yan, Maocang Fang, Jun Liu, Guangxu Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
topic_facet |
Alkalinity total standard error Animalia Aragonite saturation state Benthic animals Benthos Bicarbonate ion Calcite saturation state Calculated using CO2SYS Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) Carbon inorganic dissolved Carbonate ion Carbonate system computation flag Carbon dioxide Coast and continental shelf Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2) EXP Experiment Experiment duration Fluorescence Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) Gene expression fold change relative standard deviation Gene expression (incl. proteomics) Gene name Laboratory experiment Lysozyme enzyme activity per cell Lysozyme in hemocytes Mollusca Nitric oxide in hemocytes |
description |
An enormous amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) has been dissolved into the ocean, leading to a lower pH and changes in the chemical properties of seawater, which has been termed ocean acidification (OA). The impacts of pCO2-driven acidification on immunity have been revealed recently in various marine organisms. However, the mechanism causing the reduction in phagocytosis still remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of pCO2-driven OA at present and near-future levels (pH values of 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the rate of phagocytosis, the abundance of cytoskeleton components, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and the concentration and activity of lysozymes (LZM) of hemocytes were investigated in a commercial bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). In addition, the effects of OA on the expression of genes regulating actin skeleton and nitric oxide synthesis 2 (NOS2) were also analyzed. The results obtained showed that the phagocytic rate, cytoskeleton component abundance, concentration and activity of LZM of hemocytes were all significantly reduced after a 2-week exposure to the future OA scenario of a pH of 7.4. On the contrary, a remarkable increase in the concentration of NO compared to that of the control was detected in clams exposed to OA. Furthermore, the expression of genes regulating the actin cytoskeleton and NOS were significantly up-regulated after OA exposure. Though the mechanism causing phagocytosis seemed to be complicated based on the results obtained in the present study and those reported previously, our results suggested that OA may reduce the phagocytosis of hemocytes by (1) decreasing the abundance of cytoskeleton components and therefore hampering the cytoskeleton-mediated process of engulfment, (2) reducing the concentration and activity of LZM and therefore constraining the degradation of the engulfed pathogen through an oxygen-independent pathway, and (3) inducing the production of NO, which may negatively regulate immune responses. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Su, Wenhao Rong, Jiahuan Zha, Shanjie Yan, Maocang Fang, Jun Liu, Guangxu |
author_facet |
Su, Wenhao Rong, Jiahuan Zha, Shanjie Yan, Maocang Fang, Jun Liu, Guangxu |
author_sort |
Su, Wenhao |
title |
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
title_short |
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
title_full |
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
title_fullStr |
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. |
title_sort |
seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, tegillarca granosa. |
publisher |
PANGAEA |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 |
op_coverage |
LATITUDE: 28.466670 * LONGITUDE: 121.183330 * DATE/TIME START: 2017-07-01T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2017-07-30T00:00:00 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(121.183330,121.183330,28.466670,28.466670) |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Supplement to: Su, Wenhao; Rong, Jiahuan; Zha, Shanjie; Yan, Maocang; Fang, Jun; Liu, Guangxu (2018): Ocean Acidification Affects the Cytoskeleton, Lysozymes, and Nitric Oxide of Hemocytes: A Possible Explanation for the Hampered Phagocytosis in Blood Clams, Tegillarca granosa. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00619 |
op_relation |
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 |
op_rights |
CC-BY-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access constraints: unrestricted info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.89289210.3389/fphys.2018.00619 |
_version_ |
1810469851763834880 |
spelling |
ftpangaea:oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 2024-09-15T18:28:29+00:00 Seawater carbonate chemistry and cytoskeleton, lysozymes, and nitric oxide in hemocytes of blood clams, Tegillarca granosa. Su, Wenhao Rong, Jiahuan Zha, Shanjie Yan, Maocang Fang, Jun Liu, Guangxu LATITUDE: 28.466670 * LONGITUDE: 121.183330 * DATE/TIME START: 2017-07-01T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2017-07-30T00:00:00 2018 text/tab-separated-values, 2781 data points https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 en eng PANGAEA Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892892 CC-BY-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access constraints: unrestricted info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Supplement to: Su, Wenhao; Rong, Jiahuan; Zha, Shanjie; Yan, Maocang; Fang, Jun; Liu, Guangxu (2018): Ocean Acidification Affects the Cytoskeleton, Lysozymes, and Nitric Oxide of Hemocytes: A Possible Explanation for the Hampered Phagocytosis in Blood Clams, Tegillarca granosa. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00619 Alkalinity total standard error Animalia Aragonite saturation state Benthic animals Benthos Bicarbonate ion Calcite saturation state Calculated using CO2SYS Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) Carbon inorganic dissolved Carbonate ion Carbonate system computation flag Carbon dioxide Coast and continental shelf Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2) EXP Experiment Experiment duration Fluorescence Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) Gene expression fold change relative standard deviation Gene expression (incl. proteomics) Gene name Laboratory experiment Lysozyme enzyme activity per cell Lysozyme in hemocytes Mollusca Nitric oxide in hemocytes dataset 2018 ftpangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.89289210.3389/fphys.2018.00619 2024-07-24T02:31:34Z An enormous amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) has been dissolved into the ocean, leading to a lower pH and changes in the chemical properties of seawater, which has been termed ocean acidification (OA). The impacts of pCO2-driven acidification on immunity have been revealed recently in various marine organisms. However, the mechanism causing the reduction in phagocytosis still remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of pCO2-driven OA at present and near-future levels (pH values of 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the rate of phagocytosis, the abundance of cytoskeleton components, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and the concentration and activity of lysozymes (LZM) of hemocytes were investigated in a commercial bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). In addition, the effects of OA on the expression of genes regulating actin skeleton and nitric oxide synthesis 2 (NOS2) were also analyzed. The results obtained showed that the phagocytic rate, cytoskeleton component abundance, concentration and activity of LZM of hemocytes were all significantly reduced after a 2-week exposure to the future OA scenario of a pH of 7.4. On the contrary, a remarkable increase in the concentration of NO compared to that of the control was detected in clams exposed to OA. Furthermore, the expression of genes regulating the actin cytoskeleton and NOS were significantly up-regulated after OA exposure. Though the mechanism causing phagocytosis seemed to be complicated based on the results obtained in the present study and those reported previously, our results suggested that OA may reduce the phagocytosis of hemocytes by (1) decreasing the abundance of cytoskeleton components and therefore hampering the cytoskeleton-mediated process of engulfment, (2) reducing the concentration and activity of LZM and therefore constraining the degradation of the engulfed pathogen through an oxygen-independent pathway, and (3) inducing the production of NO, which may negatively regulate immune responses. Dataset Ocean acidification PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science ENVELOPE(121.183330,121.183330,28.466670,28.466670) |