Seawater carbonate chemistry and neurochemical profiles of two gadid species

• Main Authors: Schmidt, Matthias, Windisch, Heidrun Sigrid, Ludwichowski, Kai-Uwe, Seegert, Sean Lando Levin, Pörtner, Hans-Otto, Storch, Daniela, Bock, Christian
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2017
• Subjects: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; Alkalinity; total; standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Boreogadus saida; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon; inorganic; dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Concentration; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Event label; EXP; Experiment; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gadus morhua; Kongsfjord_OA; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); atlantic cod; Kongsfjord*; Ocean acidification; polar cod
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892312; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892312

Background: Exposure to future ocean acidification scenarios may alter the behaviour of marine teleosts through interference with neuroreceptor functioning. So far, most studies investigated effects of ocean acidification on the behaviour of fish, either isolated or in combination with environmental temperature. However, only few physiological studies on this issue were conducted despite the putative neurophysiological origin of the CO2-induced behavioural changes. Here, we present the metabolic consequences of long-term exposure to projected ocean acidification (396–548 μatm PCO2 under control and 915–1272 μatm under treatment conditions) and parallel warming in the brain of two related fish species, polar cod (Boreogadus saida, exposed to 0 °C, 3 °C, 6 °C and 8 °C) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, exposed to 3 °C, 8 °C, 12 °C and 16 °C). It has been shown that B. saida is behaviourally vulnerable to future ocean acidification scenarios, while G. morhua demonstrates behavioural resilience. Results: We found that temperature alters brain osmolyte, amino acid, choline and neurotransmitter concentrations in both species indicating thermal responses particularly in osmoregulation and membrane structure. In B. saida, changes in amino acid and osmolyte metabolism at the highest temperature tested were also affected by CO2, possibly emphasizing energetic limitations. We did not observe changes in neurotransmitters, energy metabolites, membrane components or osmolytes that might serve as a compensatory mechanism against CO2 induced behavioural impairments. In contrast to B. saida, such temperature limitation was not detected in G. morhua; however, at 8 °C, CO2 induced an increase in the levels of metabolites of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle potentially indicating greater GABAergic activity in G.morhua. Further, increased availability of energy-rich substrates was detected under these conditions. Conclusions: Our results indicate a change of GABAergic metabolism in the nervous system of Gadus morhua close to the ...