Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the w...
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ftpangaea:oai:pangaea.de:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 2023-05-15T13:44:47+02:00 Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel MEDIAN LATITUDE: -60.756984 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -30.555850 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -61.202333 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -41.062318 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -60.446987 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -25.735993 * DATE/TIME START: 2013-09-01T13:07:40 * DATE/TIME END: 2013-09-28T08:13:04 2017-01-11 application/zip, 17 datasets https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 en eng PANGAEA https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 CC-BY-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access constraints: unrestricted info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Supplement to: Arndt, Stefanie; Meiners, Klaus M; Ricker, Robert; Krumpen, Thomas; Katlein, Christian; Nicolaus, Marcel (2017): Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(3), 2108-2119, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 AWI_SeaIce Sea Ice Physics @ AWI Dataset 2017 ftpangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 2023-01-20T07:33:51Z Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (< 0. %). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. Dataset Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell ENVELOPE(-41.062318,-25.735993,-60.446987,-61.202333) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science |
op_collection_id |
ftpangaea |
language |
English |
topic |
AWI_SeaIce Sea Ice Physics @ AWI |
spellingShingle |
AWI_SeaIce Sea Ice Physics @ AWI Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
topic_facet |
AWI_SeaIce Sea Ice Physics @ AWI |
description |
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (< 0. %). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
author_facet |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
author_sort |
Arndt, Stefanie |
title |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
title_short |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
title_full |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
title_fullStr |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
title_sort |
influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through antarctic pack ice, supplementary data |
publisher |
PANGAEA |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 |
op_coverage |
MEDIAN LATITUDE: -60.756984 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -30.555850 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -61.202333 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -41.062318 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: -60.446987 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -25.735993 * DATE/TIME START: 2013-09-01T13:07:40 * DATE/TIME END: 2013-09-28T08:13:04 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-41.062318,-25.735993,-60.446987,-61.202333) |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Sea Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Supplement to: Arndt, Stefanie; Meiners, Klaus M; Ricker, Robert; Krumpen, Thomas; Katlein, Christian; Nicolaus, Marcel (2017): Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(3), 2108-2119, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 |
op_relation |
https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 |
op_rights |
CC-BY-3.0: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access constraints: unrestricted info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.870706 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 |
_version_ |
1766206511048032256 |