(Table 1) Micro-inclusion counts and ion concentrations in the five GRIP ice-core sections

• Main Authors: Sakurai, Toshimitsu, Iizuka, Yoshinori, Horikawa, Shinichiro, Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Steffensen, Jørgen Peder, Hondoh, Takeo
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2009
• Subjects: AGE; Calcium cation; Chloride anion; Depth; bottom/max; ice/snow; top/min; Diameter; Epoch; Greenland; Greenland Ice Core Projects; GRIP; GRIP/GISP/NGRIP; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; ISTUK; ISTUK electromechanical drill; Magnesium cation; Nitrate ion; Number; Particle concentration; Sampling/drilling ice; Sodium cation; Standard deviation; Sulfate anion; Thickness; GISP; Greenland ice core; ice core; International Polar Year; Journal of Glaciology; NGRIP
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.833919; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.833919

We provide the first direct evidence that a number of water-soluble compounds, in particular calcium sulfate (CaSO4 2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are present as solid, micron-sized inclusions within the Greenland GRIP ice core. The compounds are detected by two independent methods: micro-Raman spectroscopy of a solid ice sample, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of individual inclusions remaining after sublimation. CaSO4 2H2O is found in abundance throughout the Holocene and the last glacial period, while CaCO3 exists mainly in the glacial period ice. We also present size and spatial distributions of the micro-inclusions. These results suggest that water-soluble aerosols in the GRIP ice core are dependable proxies for past atmospheric conditions.