Physical oceanography, nutrients, and δ¹⁸O measured on water bottle samples during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXII/2

• Main Authors: Bauch, Dorothea, Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel M, Andersen, Nils, Torres-Valdés, Sinhué, Bakker, Karel, Abrahamsen, Einar Povl
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 2011
• Subjects: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXII/2; Barents Sea; Bottle number; Calculated; Calculated from pressure; temperature; and conductivity; CTD; Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; ultra clean; CTD-RO; CTD-UC; Date/Time of event; Density; sigma-theta (0); DEPTH; water; Elevation of event; Event label; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; Laptev Sea; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mass spectrometry; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrite; Oxygen; Phosphate; Polarstern; Pressure; PS70/228-2; PS70/231-1; PS70/234-1; PS70/236-1; PS70/237-1; PS70/238-1; PS70/239-1; PS70/240-1; PS70/249-1; PS70/252-1; PS70/256-1; PS70/260-7; PS70/260-9; PS70/261-1; PS70/263-1; alpha ridge; Arctic; laptev; Lomonosov Ridge; makarov basin; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.763451; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.763451

Extremely low summer sea-ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean in 2007 allowed extensive sampling and a wide quasi-synoptic hydrographic and d18O dataset could be collected in the Eurasian Basin and the Makarov Basin up to the Alpha Ridge and the East Siberian continental margin. With the aim of determining the origin of freshwater in the halocline, fractions of river water and sea-ice meltwater in the upper 150 m were quantified by a combination of salinity and d18O in the Eurasian Basin. Two methods, applying the preformed phosphate concentration (PO*) and the nitrate-to-phosphate ratio (N/P), were compared to further differentiate the marine fraction into Atlantic and Pacific-derived contributions. While PO*-based assessments systematically underestimate the contribution of Pacific-derived waters, N/P-based calculations overestimate Pacific-derived waters within the Transpolar Drift due to denitrification in bottom sediments at the Laptev Sea continental margin. Within the Eurasian Basin a west to east oriented front between net melting and production of sea-ice is observed. Outside the Atlantic regime dominated by net sea-ice melting, a pronounced layer influenced by brines released during sea-ice formation is present at about 30 to 50 m water depth with a maximum over the Lomonosov Ridge. The geographically distinct definition of this maximum demonstrates the rapid release and transport of signals from the shelf regions in discrete pulses within the Transpolar Drift. The ratio of sea-ice derived brine influence and river water is roughly constant within each layer of the Arctic Ocean halocline. The correlation between brine influence and river water reveals two clusters that can be assigned to the two main mechanisms of sea-ice formation within the Arctic Ocean. Over the open ocean or in polynyas at the continental slope where relatively small amounts of river water are found, sea-ice formation results in a linear correlation between brine influence and river water at salinities of about 32 to 34. In coastal ...