Amino acid in Deep Sea Drilling Project cores

• Main Authors: Bada, Jeffrey L, Man, Eugene H
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 1980
• Subjects: 15-148; 15-149; 25-241; 25-242; 25-249; 27-262; 37-332; 37-332A; 37-333; Caribbean Sea/BASIN; Caribbean Sea/RIDGE; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; Glomar Challenger; Indian Ocean//BASIN; Indian Ocean//CHANNEL; Indian Ocean//RIDGE; Indian Ocean//TROUGH; Leg15; Leg25; Leg27; Leg37; North Atlantic/VALLEY; Indian; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.746780; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746780

Several amino acid diagenetic reactions, which take place in the deep-sea sedimentary environment, were investigated, using various Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) cores. Initially it was found that essentially all the amino acids in sediments are bound in peptide linkages; but, with increasing age, the peptide bonds undergo slow hydrolysis that results in an increasingly larger fraction of amino acids in the free state. The hydrolysis half-life in calcareous sediments was estimated to be ~1–2 million years, while in non-carbonate sediment the hydrolysis rate may be considerably slower. The amino acid compositions and the extent of racemization of several amino acids were determined in various fractions isolated from the sediments. These analyses demonstrated that the mechanism, kinetics, and rate of amino acid diagenesis are highly dependent upon the physical state (i.e., free, bound, etc.) in which the amino acids exist in the sedimentary environment. In the free state, serine and threonine were found to decompose primarily by a dehydration reaction, while in the bound state (residue or HCl-insoluble fraction) a reversible aldol-cleavage reaction is the main decomposition pathway of these amino acids. The change in amino acid composition of the residue fraction with time was suggested to be due to the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, while in foraminiferal tests the compositional changes over geological time are the result of various decomposition reactions. Reversible first-order racemization kinetics are not observed for free amino acids in sediments. The explanation for these anomalous kinetics involves a complex reaction series which includes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds and the very rapid racemization of free amino acids. The racemization rates of free amino acids in sediments were found to be many orders of magnitude faster than those predicted from elevated temperature experiments using free amino acids in aqueous solution. The racemization rate enhancement of free amino acids in sediments may be due to ...