Stable isotope ratios in shells of marine organisms

• Main Author: Wefer, Gerold
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: PANGAEA 1985
• Subjects: BC; Bermuda78; Bermuda79; Bermuda Bio Station; Box corer; DifferentSites; DIVER; Ferry Reach Bermuda; HAND; Harrington Sound Bermuda; Marine Research Station; McMurdo Sound; Northern Lagoon Bermuda; North Rock Bermuda; Persian Gulf; Philippines79; Philippines80; Philippines Cebu Caubyan Reef; Philippines Cebu Hadsan Beach; Sampling by diver; Sampling by hand; SFB95; Wechselwirkung Meer-Meeresboden (Interaction Sea-Sea Bottom); Wefer1; Wefer10; Wefer11; Wefer12; Wefer13; Wefer14; Wefer15; Wefer16; Wefer17; Wefer18; Wefer19; Wefer2; Wefer20; Wefer21; Wefer22; Wefer23; Wefer24; Wefer25; Wefer26; Wefer27; Wefer28; Wefer29; Wefer3; Wefer30; Wefer31; Wefer32; Wefer33; Planktonic foraminifera
• Online Access: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.729432; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.729432

Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses have been carried out on calcareous skeletons of important recent groups of organisms. Annual temperature ranges and distinct developmental stages can be reconstructed from single shells with the aid of the micro-sampling technique made possible by modern mass-spectrometers. This is in contrast to the results of earlier studies which used bulk sampIes. The skeletons analysed are from Bermuda, the Philippines, the Persian Gulf and the continental margin off Peru. In these environments, seasonal salinity ranges and thus annual variations in the isotopic composition of the water are small. In addition, environmental parameters are weIl documented in these areas. The recognition of seasonal isotopic variations is dependant on the type of calcification. Shells built up by carbonate deposition at the margin, such as molluscs, are suitable for isotopic studies. Analysis is more difficult where chambers are added at the margin of the shell but where older chambers are simultaneously covered by a thin veneer of carbonate e. g. in rotaliid foraminifera. Organisms such as calcareous algae or echinoderms that thicken existing calcareous parts as weIl as growing in length and breadth are the most difficult to analyse. All organisms analysed show temperature related oxygen-isotope fractionation. The most recent groups fractionate oxygen isotopes in accordance with established d18O temperature relationships (Tab. 18, Fig. 42). These groups are deep-sea foraminifera, planktonic foraminifera, serpulids, brachiopods, bryozoa, almost all molluscs, sea urchins, and fish (otoliths). A second group of organisms including the calcareous algae Padina, Acetabularia, and Penicillus, as weIl as barnacles, cause enrichment of the heavy isotope 18O. Finally, the calcareous algae Amphiroa, Cymopolia and Halimeda, the larger foraminifera, corals, starfish, and holothurians cause enrichment of the lighter isotope 16O. Organisms causing non-equilibrium fractionation also record seasonal temperature variations ...