Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake
Organic Lake in Antarctica is a marine-derived, cold (–13°C), stratified (oxic-anoxic), hypersaline (>200 gl –1 ) system with unusual chemistry (very high levels of dimethylsulfide) that supports the growth of phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microorganisms. Symbionts are not well chara...
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ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1904150 2023-07-30T03:59:09+02:00 Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake Williams, Timothy J. Allen, Michelle A. Ivanova, Natalia Huntemann, Marcel Haque, Sabrina Hancock, Alyce M. Brazendale, Sarah Cavicchioli, Ricardo 2023-06-08 application/pdf http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1904150 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1904150 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 unknown http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1904150 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1904150 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023 ftosti https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 2023-07-11T10:16:52Z Organic Lake in Antarctica is a marine-derived, cold (–13°C), stratified (oxic-anoxic), hypersaline (>200 gl –1 ) system with unusual chemistry (very high levels of dimethylsulfide) that supports the growth of phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microorganisms. Symbionts are not well characterized in Antarctica. However, unicellular eukaryotes are often present in Antarctic lakes and theoretically could harbor endosymbionts. Here, we describe Candidatus Organicella extenuata, a member of the Verrucomicrobia with a highly reduced genome, recovered as a metagenome-assembled genome with genetic code 4 (UGA-to-Trp recoding) from Organic Lake. It is closely related to Candidatus Pinguicocccus supinus (163,218 bp, 205 genes), a newly described cytoplasmic endosymbiont of the freshwater ciliate Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki (Serra et al., 2020). At 158,228 bp (encoding 194 genes), the genome of Ca. Organicella extenuata is among the smallest known bacterial genomes and similar to the genome of Ca. Pinguicoccus supinus (163,218 bp, 205 genes). Ca. Organicella extenuata retains a capacity for replication, transcription, translation, and protein-folding while lacking any capacity for the biosynthesis of amino acids or vitamins. Notably, the endosymbiont retains a capacity for fatty acid synthesis (type II) and iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly. Metagenomic analysis of 150 new metagenomes from Organic Lake and more than 70 other Antarctic aquatic locations revealed a strong correlation in abundance between Ca. Organicella extenuata and a novel ciliate of the genus Euplotes. Like Ca. Pinguicoccus supinus, we infer that Ca. Organicella extenuata is an endosymbiont of Euplotes and hypothesize that both Ca. Organicella extenuata and Ca. Pinguicocccus supinus provide fatty acids and Fe-S clusters to their Euplotes host as the foundation of a mutualistic symbiosis. The discovery of Ca. Organicella extenuata as possessing genetic code 4 illustrates that in addition to identifying endosymbionts by sequencing known symbiotic ... Other/Unknown Material Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) Antarctic Organic Lake ENVELOPE(78.190,78.190,-68.457,-68.457) Frontiers in Microbiology 12 |
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SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) |
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES |
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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Williams, Timothy J. Allen, Michelle A. Ivanova, Natalia Huntemann, Marcel Haque, Sabrina Hancock, Alyce M. Brazendale, Sarah Cavicchioli, Ricardo Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
topic_facet |
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES |
description |
Organic Lake in Antarctica is a marine-derived, cold (–13°C), stratified (oxic-anoxic), hypersaline (>200 gl –1 ) system with unusual chemistry (very high levels of dimethylsulfide) that supports the growth of phylogenetically and metabolically diverse microorganisms. Symbionts are not well characterized in Antarctica. However, unicellular eukaryotes are often present in Antarctic lakes and theoretically could harbor endosymbionts. Here, we describe Candidatus Organicella extenuata, a member of the Verrucomicrobia with a highly reduced genome, recovered as a metagenome-assembled genome with genetic code 4 (UGA-to-Trp recoding) from Organic Lake. It is closely related to Candidatus Pinguicocccus supinus (163,218 bp, 205 genes), a newly described cytoplasmic endosymbiont of the freshwater ciliate Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki (Serra et al., 2020). At 158,228 bp (encoding 194 genes), the genome of Ca. Organicella extenuata is among the smallest known bacterial genomes and similar to the genome of Ca. Pinguicoccus supinus (163,218 bp, 205 genes). Ca. Organicella extenuata retains a capacity for replication, transcription, translation, and protein-folding while lacking any capacity for the biosynthesis of amino acids or vitamins. Notably, the endosymbiont retains a capacity for fatty acid synthesis (type II) and iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly. Metagenomic analysis of 150 new metagenomes from Organic Lake and more than 70 other Antarctic aquatic locations revealed a strong correlation in abundance between Ca. Organicella extenuata and a novel ciliate of the genus Euplotes. Like Ca. Pinguicoccus supinus, we infer that Ca. Organicella extenuata is an endosymbiont of Euplotes and hypothesize that both Ca. Organicella extenuata and Ca. Pinguicocccus supinus provide fatty acids and Fe-S clusters to their Euplotes host as the foundation of a mutualistic symbiosis. The discovery of Ca. Organicella extenuata as possessing genetic code 4 illustrates that in addition to identifying endosymbionts by sequencing known symbiotic ... |
author |
Williams, Timothy J. Allen, Michelle A. Ivanova, Natalia Huntemann, Marcel Haque, Sabrina Hancock, Alyce M. Brazendale, Sarah Cavicchioli, Ricardo |
author_facet |
Williams, Timothy J. Allen, Michelle A. Ivanova, Natalia Huntemann, Marcel Haque, Sabrina Hancock, Alyce M. Brazendale, Sarah Cavicchioli, Ricardo |
author_sort |
Williams, Timothy J. |
title |
Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
title_short |
Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
title_full |
Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
title_fullStr |
Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genome Analysis of a Verrucomicrobial Endosymbiont With a Tiny Genome Discovered in an Antarctic Lake |
title_sort |
genome analysis of a verrucomicrobial endosymbiont with a tiny genome discovered in an antarctic lake |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1904150 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1904150 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(78.190,78.190,-68.457,-68.457) |
geographic |
Antarctic Organic Lake |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Organic Lake |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1904150 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1904150 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674758 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
12 |
_version_ |
1772809865950920704 |