Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations
A melting layer (ML) detection algorithm for cloud radar with polarimetric capability was developed and applied to the cloud radar data collected from five different sites around the world for several years. The retrieved melting layer top height (MLH) showed a very good correspondence with the ECMW...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Online Access: | http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814452 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814452 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 |
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ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1814452 2023-07-30T04:01:59+02:00 Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations Song, Jae In Yum, Seong Soo Park, Sung‐Hwa Kim, Ki‐Hoon Park, Ki‐Jun Joo, Sang‐Won 2022-08-16 application/pdf http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814452 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814452 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 unknown http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814452 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814452 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 doi:10.1029/2021jd034816 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2022 ftosti https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 2023-07-11T10:06:16Z A melting layer (ML) detection algorithm for cloud radar with polarimetric capability was developed and applied to the cloud radar data collected from five different sites around the world for several years. The retrieved melting layer top height (MLH) showed a very good correspondence with the ECMWF Reanalysis 5 zero degree level data for all five sites. The ML characteristics were distinctively different for different sites, revealing climatological characteristics of ML forming clouds in different regions. Generally, ML tended to occur more frequently in summer than in winter except for a maritime site, where low stratiform clouds formed frequently in summer, the top of which might be lower than the freezing level. In contrast, at two Arctic sites, ML occurred almost exclusively in summer because it was too cold to have an ML in the other seasons. The MLH also varied significantly from site to site but generally was higher during warmer seasons. Based on MLH, two new indices, bulk temperature lapse rate (BLR) and relative depth (RD) of liquid cloud below MLH (RD) were developed, which were useful to explain the environmental characteristics of the five sites. BLR generally increased with the surface temperature at all sites except at the marine site that showed an opposite trend, where a unique synoptic pattern in winter generated high BLR in this cold season. Finally, these findings confirm that studies on thermodynamic structures using cloud radars can be broadened, taking advantage of BLR and RD information, as these indices can represent environmental thermodynamic characteristics of the clouds that have ML. Other/Unknown Material Arctic SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) Arctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126 17 |
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SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) |
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Song, Jae In Yum, Seong Soo Park, Sung‐Hwa Kim, Ki‐Hoon Park, Ki‐Jun Joo, Sang‐Won Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
topic_facet |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
description |
A melting layer (ML) detection algorithm for cloud radar with polarimetric capability was developed and applied to the cloud radar data collected from five different sites around the world for several years. The retrieved melting layer top height (MLH) showed a very good correspondence with the ECMWF Reanalysis 5 zero degree level data for all five sites. The ML characteristics were distinctively different for different sites, revealing climatological characteristics of ML forming clouds in different regions. Generally, ML tended to occur more frequently in summer than in winter except for a maritime site, where low stratiform clouds formed frequently in summer, the top of which might be lower than the freezing level. In contrast, at two Arctic sites, ML occurred almost exclusively in summer because it was too cold to have an ML in the other seasons. The MLH also varied significantly from site to site but generally was higher during warmer seasons. Based on MLH, two new indices, bulk temperature lapse rate (BLR) and relative depth (RD) of liquid cloud below MLH (RD) were developed, which were useful to explain the environmental characteristics of the five sites. BLR generally increased with the surface temperature at all sites except at the marine site that showed an opposite trend, where a unique synoptic pattern in winter generated high BLR in this cold season. Finally, these findings confirm that studies on thermodynamic structures using cloud radars can be broadened, taking advantage of BLR and RD information, as these indices can represent environmental thermodynamic characteristics of the clouds that have ML. |
author |
Song, Jae In Yum, Seong Soo Park, Sung‐Hwa Kim, Ki‐Hoon Park, Ki‐Jun Joo, Sang‐Won |
author_facet |
Song, Jae In Yum, Seong Soo Park, Sung‐Hwa Kim, Ki‐Hoon Park, Ki‐Jun Joo, Sang‐Won |
author_sort |
Song, Jae In |
title |
Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
title_short |
Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
title_full |
Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
title_fullStr |
Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatology of Melting Layer Heights Estimated From Cloud Radar Observations at Various Locations |
title_sort |
climatology of melting layer heights estimated from cloud radar observations at various locations |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814452 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814452 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814452 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1814452 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 doi:10.1029/2021jd034816 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034816 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
17 |
_version_ |
1772812711574372352 |