Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015
The winter of 2014/2015 was the first for which we can be certain that the northernmost embayment of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, remained partially ice-free. We assess atmospheric and oceanic drivers responsible for this extreme event. In terms of atmospheric drivers, mild Bothnian Bay winters...
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ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1565262 2023-07-30T04:05:16+02:00 Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 Uotila, Petteri Vihma, Timo Haapala, Jari 2021-10-27 application/pdf http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565262 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565262 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 unknown http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565262 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565262 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 doi:10.1002/2015gl064901 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2021 ftosti https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 2023-07-11T09:37:06Z The winter of 2014/2015 was the first for which we can be certain that the northernmost embayment of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, remained partially ice-free. We assess atmospheric and oceanic drivers responsible for this extreme event. In terms of atmospheric drivers, mild Bothnian Bay winters are characterized by positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) associated with the advection of air from the North Atlantic. In winter 2014/2015, NAO was at a record high level and resulted in a northerly storm track associated with vigorous southwesterlies that drove ice toward the northeastern end of the bay. Furthermore, we found that the 1985–2015 Baltic Sea ice extent distribution differs from any other preceding 30 winter period since 1720 with a high confidence. Based on climate projections, it is very likely that in the next 50 years partially ice-free Bothnian Bay will go from being an extremely rare event to a new normal. Other/Unknown Material North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) Geophysical Research Letters 42 18 7740 7749 |
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Open Polar |
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SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) |
op_collection_id |
ftosti |
language |
unknown |
topic |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Uotila, Petteri Vihma, Timo Haapala, Jari Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
topic_facet |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
description |
The winter of 2014/2015 was the first for which we can be certain that the northernmost embayment of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay, remained partially ice-free. We assess atmospheric and oceanic drivers responsible for this extreme event. In terms of atmospheric drivers, mild Bothnian Bay winters are characterized by positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) associated with the advection of air from the North Atlantic. In winter 2014/2015, NAO was at a record high level and resulted in a northerly storm track associated with vigorous southwesterlies that drove ice toward the northeastern end of the bay. Furthermore, we found that the 1985–2015 Baltic Sea ice extent distribution differs from any other preceding 30 winter period since 1720 with a high confidence. Based on climate projections, it is very likely that in the next 50 years partially ice-free Bothnian Bay will go from being an extremely rare event to a new normal. |
author |
Uotila, Petteri Vihma, Timo Haapala, Jari |
author_facet |
Uotila, Petteri Vihma, Timo Haapala, Jari |
author_sort |
Uotila, Petteri |
title |
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
title_short |
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
title_full |
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low Bothnian Bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
title_sort |
atmospheric and oceanic conditions and the extremely low bothnian bay sea ice extent in 2014/2015 |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565262 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565262 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565262 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565262 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 doi:10.1002/2015gl064901 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064901 |
container_title |
Geophysical Research Letters |
container_volume |
42 |
container_issue |
18 |
container_start_page |
7740 |
op_container_end_page |
7749 |
_version_ |
1772817062564986880 |