Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming
This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K -1 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slo...
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Online Access: | http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565236 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565236 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 |
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ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1565236 2023-07-30T04:07:04+02:00 Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming Back, Larissa Russ, Karen Liu, Zhengyu Inoue, Kuniaki Zhang, Jiaxu Otto-Bliesner, Bette 2021-08-02 application/pdf http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565236 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565236 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 unknown http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565236 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565236 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2021 ftosti https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 2023-07-11T09:37:06Z This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K -1 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slower warming that occurred naturally in the past, the Southern Ocean has time to equilibrate, producing a different pattern of surface warming, so that water vapor increases at only 4.2% K -1 . This lower rate of increase of water vapor with warming is not due to relative humidity changes or differences in mean lower-tropospheric temperature. A temperature of over 80°C would be required in the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship to match the 4.2% K -1 rate of increase. Instead, the low rate of increase is due to spatially heterogeneous warming. During slower global warming, there is enhanced warming at southern high latitudes, and hence less warming in the tropics per kelvin of global surface temperature increase. This leads to a smaller global water vapor increase, because most of the atmospheric water vapor is in the tropics. A formula is proposed that applies to general warming scenarios. This study also examines the response of global-mean precipitation and the meridional profile of precipitation minus evaporation and compares the latter to thermodynamic scalings. It is found that global-mean precipitation changes are remarkably robust between rapid and slow warming. Thermodynamic scalings for the rapid- and slow-warming zonal-mean precipitation are similar, but the precipitation changes are significantly different, suggesting that circulation changes are important in driving these differences. Other/Unknown Material Southern Ocean SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) Southern Ocean Journal of Climate 26 22 8781 8786 |
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Open Polar |
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SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) |
op_collection_id |
ftosti |
language |
unknown |
topic |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
spellingShingle |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Back, Larissa Russ, Karen Liu, Zhengyu Inoue, Kuniaki Zhang, Jiaxu Otto-Bliesner, Bette Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
topic_facet |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES |
description |
This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K -1 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slower warming that occurred naturally in the past, the Southern Ocean has time to equilibrate, producing a different pattern of surface warming, so that water vapor increases at only 4.2% K -1 . This lower rate of increase of water vapor with warming is not due to relative humidity changes or differences in mean lower-tropospheric temperature. A temperature of over 80°C would be required in the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship to match the 4.2% K -1 rate of increase. Instead, the low rate of increase is due to spatially heterogeneous warming. During slower global warming, there is enhanced warming at southern high latitudes, and hence less warming in the tropics per kelvin of global surface temperature increase. This leads to a smaller global water vapor increase, because most of the atmospheric water vapor is in the tropics. A formula is proposed that applies to general warming scenarios. This study also examines the response of global-mean precipitation and the meridional profile of precipitation minus evaporation and compares the latter to thermodynamic scalings. It is found that global-mean precipitation changes are remarkably robust between rapid and slow warming. Thermodynamic scalings for the rapid- and slow-warming zonal-mean precipitation are similar, but the precipitation changes are significantly different, suggesting that circulation changes are important in driving these differences. |
author |
Back, Larissa Russ, Karen Liu, Zhengyu Inoue, Kuniaki Zhang, Jiaxu Otto-Bliesner, Bette |
author_facet |
Back, Larissa Russ, Karen Liu, Zhengyu Inoue, Kuniaki Zhang, Jiaxu Otto-Bliesner, Bette |
author_sort |
Back, Larissa |
title |
Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
title_short |
Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
title_full |
Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
title_fullStr |
Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming |
title_sort |
global hydrological cycle response to rapid and slow global warming |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565236 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565236 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1565236 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1565236 https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00118.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
8781 |
op_container_end_page |
8786 |
_version_ |
1772820152658690048 |