Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing
Rapidly thawing permafrost harbors ~30 to 50% of global soil carbon, and the fate of this carbon remains unknown. Microorganisms will play a central role in its fate, and their viruses could modulate that impact via induced mortality and metabolic controls. Because of the challenges of recovering vi...
Published in: | mSystems |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506353 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506353 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 |
id |
ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1506353 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftosti:oai:osti.gov:1506353 2023-07-30T04:02:03+02:00 Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing Trubl, Gareth Jang, Ho Bin Roux, Simon Emerson, Joanne B. Solonenko, Natalie Vik, Dean R. Solden, Lindsey Ellenbogen, Jared Runyon, Alexander T. Bolduc, Benjamin Woodcroft, Ben J. Saleska, Scott R. Tyson, Gene W. Wrighton, Kelly C. Sullivan, Matthew B. Rich, Virginia I. 2022-03-31 application/pdf http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506353 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506353 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 unknown http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506353 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506353 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 doi:10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022 ftosti https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 2023-07-11T09:32:33Z Rapidly thawing permafrost harbors ~30 to 50% of global soil carbon, and the fate of this carbon remains unknown. Microorganisms will play a central role in its fate, and their viruses could modulate that impact via induced mortality and metabolic controls. Because of the challenges of recovering viruses from soils, little is known about soil viruses or their role(s) in microbial biogeochemical cycling. Here, we describe 53 viral populations (viral operational taxonomic units [vOTUs]) recovered from seven quantitatively derived (i.e., not multiple-displacement-amplified) viral-particle metagenomes (viromes) along a permafrost thaw gradient at the Stordalen Mire field site in northern Sweden. Only 15% of these vOTUs had genetic similarity to publicly available viruses in the RefSeq database, and ~30% of the genes could be annotated, supporting the concept of soils as reservoirs of substantial undescribed viral genetic diversity. The vOTUs exhibited distinct ecology, with different distributions along the thaw gradient habitats, and a shift from soil-virus-like assemblages in the dry palsas to aquatic-virus-like assemblages in the inundated fen. Seventeen vOTUs were linked to microbial hosts ( in silico ), implicating viruses in infecting abundant microbial lineages from Acidobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , and em>Deltaproteobacteria , including those encoding key biogeochemical functions such as organic matter degradation. Thirty auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were identified and suggested virus-mediated modulation of central carbon metabolism, soil organic matter degradation, polysaccharide binding, and regulation of sporulation. Together, these findings suggest that these soil viruses have distinct ecology, impact host-mediated biogeochemistry, and likely impact ecosystem function in the rapidly changing Arctic. IMPORTANCE This work is part of a 10-year project to examine thawing permafrost peatlands and is the first virome-particle-based approach to characterize viruses in these systems. This method yielded ... Other/Unknown Material Arctic Northern Sweden palsas permafrost SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) Arctic Stordalen ENVELOPE(7.337,7.337,62.510,62.510) mSystems 3 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
SciTec Connect (Office of Scientific and Technical Information - OSTI, U.S. Department of Energy) |
op_collection_id |
ftosti |
language |
unknown |
topic |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES |
spellingShingle |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Trubl, Gareth Jang, Ho Bin Roux, Simon Emerson, Joanne B. Solonenko, Natalie Vik, Dean R. Solden, Lindsey Ellenbogen, Jared Runyon, Alexander T. Bolduc, Benjamin Woodcroft, Ben J. Saleska, Scott R. Tyson, Gene W. Wrighton, Kelly C. Sullivan, Matthew B. Rich, Virginia I. Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
topic_facet |
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES |
description |
Rapidly thawing permafrost harbors ~30 to 50% of global soil carbon, and the fate of this carbon remains unknown. Microorganisms will play a central role in its fate, and their viruses could modulate that impact via induced mortality and metabolic controls. Because of the challenges of recovering viruses from soils, little is known about soil viruses or their role(s) in microbial biogeochemical cycling. Here, we describe 53 viral populations (viral operational taxonomic units [vOTUs]) recovered from seven quantitatively derived (i.e., not multiple-displacement-amplified) viral-particle metagenomes (viromes) along a permafrost thaw gradient at the Stordalen Mire field site in northern Sweden. Only 15% of these vOTUs had genetic similarity to publicly available viruses in the RefSeq database, and ~30% of the genes could be annotated, supporting the concept of soils as reservoirs of substantial undescribed viral genetic diversity. The vOTUs exhibited distinct ecology, with different distributions along the thaw gradient habitats, and a shift from soil-virus-like assemblages in the dry palsas to aquatic-virus-like assemblages in the inundated fen. Seventeen vOTUs were linked to microbial hosts ( in silico ), implicating viruses in infecting abundant microbial lineages from Acidobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , and em>Deltaproteobacteria , including those encoding key biogeochemical functions such as organic matter degradation. Thirty auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were identified and suggested virus-mediated modulation of central carbon metabolism, soil organic matter degradation, polysaccharide binding, and regulation of sporulation. Together, these findings suggest that these soil viruses have distinct ecology, impact host-mediated biogeochemistry, and likely impact ecosystem function in the rapidly changing Arctic. IMPORTANCE This work is part of a 10-year project to examine thawing permafrost peatlands and is the first virome-particle-based approach to characterize viruses in these systems. This method yielded ... |
author |
Trubl, Gareth Jang, Ho Bin Roux, Simon Emerson, Joanne B. Solonenko, Natalie Vik, Dean R. Solden, Lindsey Ellenbogen, Jared Runyon, Alexander T. Bolduc, Benjamin Woodcroft, Ben J. Saleska, Scott R. Tyson, Gene W. Wrighton, Kelly C. Sullivan, Matthew B. Rich, Virginia I. |
author_facet |
Trubl, Gareth Jang, Ho Bin Roux, Simon Emerson, Joanne B. Solonenko, Natalie Vik, Dean R. Solden, Lindsey Ellenbogen, Jared Runyon, Alexander T. Bolduc, Benjamin Woodcroft, Ben J. Saleska, Scott R. Tyson, Gene W. Wrighton, Kelly C. Sullivan, Matthew B. Rich, Virginia I. |
author_sort |
Trubl, Gareth |
title |
Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
title_short |
Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
title_full |
Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
title_fullStr |
Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil Viruses Are Underexplored Players in Ecosystem Carbon Processing |
title_sort |
soil viruses are underexplored players in ecosystem carbon processing |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506353 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506353 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(7.337,7.337,62.510,62.510) |
geographic |
Arctic Stordalen |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Stordalen |
genre |
Arctic Northern Sweden palsas permafrost |
genre_facet |
Arctic Northern Sweden palsas permafrost |
op_relation |
http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506353 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1506353 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 doi:10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00076-18 |
container_title |
mSystems |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
5 |
_version_ |
1772812770192916480 |