Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019
The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 km3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since the end of the 19th cent...
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ftoslouniv:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/81403 2023-05-15T16:21:41+02:00 Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi 2020-11-30T10:19:46Z http://hdl.handle.net/10852/81403 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-84511 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 EN eng http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-84511 Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi . Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. 2020 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/81403 1853970 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Frontiers in Earth Sciences&rft.volume=&rft.spage=&rft.date=2020 Frontiers in Earth Sciences 8 15 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 URN:NBN:no-84511 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/81403/2/feart-08-523646.pdf Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY 1863-4621 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed PublishedVersion 2020 ftoslouniv https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 2020-12-09T23:30:47Z The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 km3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since the end of the 19th century i.e. the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland. Glaciological (in situ) mass-balance measurements have been conducted on Vatnajökull, Langjökull, and Hofsjökull since the glaciological years 1991/92, 1996/97, and 1987/88, respectively. Geodetic mass balance for multiple glaciers and many periods has been estimated from reconstructed surface maps, published maps, aerial photographs, declassified spy satellite images, modern satellite stereo imagery, and airborne lidar. To estimate the maximum glacier volume at the end of the LIA, a volume–area scaling method is used based on the observed area and volume from the three largest ice caps (over 90% of total ice mass) at 5–7 different times each, in total 19 points. The combined record shows a total mass change of −540 ± 130 Gt (−4.2 ± 1.0 Gt a−1 on average) during the study period (1890/91 to 2018/19). This mass loss corresponds to 1.50 ± 0.36 mm sea level equivalent or 16 ± 4% of mass stored in Icelandic glaciers around 1890. Almost half of the total mass change occurred in 1994/95 to 2018/19, or −240 ± 20 Gt (−9.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 on average), with most rapid loss in 1994/95 to 2009/10 (mass change rate −11.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1). During the relatively warm period 1930/31–1949/50, mass loss rates were probably close to those observed since 1994, and in the colder period 1980/81–1993/94, the glaciers gained mass at a rate of 1.5 ± 1.0 Gt a−1. For other periods of this study, the glaciers were either close to equilibrium or experienced mild loss rates. For the periods of AR6 IPCC, the mass change rates are −3.1 ± 1.1 Gt a−1 for 1900/01–1989/90, −4.3 ± 1.0 Gt a−1 for 1970/71–2017/18, −8.3 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 for 1992/93–2017/18, and −7.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 for 2005/06–2017/18. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) Langjökull ENVELOPE(-20.145,-20.145,64.654,64.654) Vatnajökull ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) Frontiers in Earth Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) |
op_collection_id |
ftoslouniv |
language |
English |
description |
The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 km3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since the end of the 19th century i.e. the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland. Glaciological (in situ) mass-balance measurements have been conducted on Vatnajökull, Langjökull, and Hofsjökull since the glaciological years 1991/92, 1996/97, and 1987/88, respectively. Geodetic mass balance for multiple glaciers and many periods has been estimated from reconstructed surface maps, published maps, aerial photographs, declassified spy satellite images, modern satellite stereo imagery, and airborne lidar. To estimate the maximum glacier volume at the end of the LIA, a volume–area scaling method is used based on the observed area and volume from the three largest ice caps (over 90% of total ice mass) at 5–7 different times each, in total 19 points. The combined record shows a total mass change of −540 ± 130 Gt (−4.2 ± 1.0 Gt a−1 on average) during the study period (1890/91 to 2018/19). This mass loss corresponds to 1.50 ± 0.36 mm sea level equivalent or 16 ± 4% of mass stored in Icelandic glaciers around 1890. Almost half of the total mass change occurred in 1994/95 to 2018/19, or −240 ± 20 Gt (−9.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 on average), with most rapid loss in 1994/95 to 2009/10 (mass change rate −11.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1). During the relatively warm period 1930/31–1949/50, mass loss rates were probably close to those observed since 1994, and in the colder period 1980/81–1993/94, the glaciers gained mass at a rate of 1.5 ± 1.0 Gt a−1. For other periods of this study, the glaciers were either close to equilibrium or experienced mild loss rates. For the periods of AR6 IPCC, the mass change rates are −3.1 ± 1.1 Gt a−1 for 1900/01–1989/90, −4.3 ± 1.0 Gt a−1 for 1970/71–2017/18, −8.3 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 for 1992/93–2017/18, and −7.6 ± 0.8 Gt a−1 for 2005/06–2017/18. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi |
spellingShingle |
Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
author_facet |
Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi |
author_sort |
Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna |
title |
Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
title_short |
Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
title_full |
Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
title_sort |
glacier changes in iceland from 1890 to 2019 |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/81403 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-84511 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.145,-20.145,64.654,64.654) ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) |
geographic |
Langjökull Vatnajökull |
geographic_facet |
Langjökull Vatnajökull |
genre |
glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull |
genre_facet |
glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull |
op_source |
1863-4621 |
op_relation |
http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-84511 Adalgeirsdottir, Gudfinna Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Magnusson, Eyjólfur Belart, Joaquin Johannesson, T Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, B Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Björnsson, Helgi . Glacier changes in Iceland from 1890 to 2019. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. 2020 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/81403 1853970 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Frontiers in Earth Sciences&rft.volume=&rft.spage=&rft.date=2020 Frontiers in Earth Sciences 8 15 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 URN:NBN:no-84511 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/81403/2/feart-08-523646.pdf |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766009676451807232 |