Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus
With the increasing imperative for societies to act to curb climate change by increasing carbon stores and sinks, it has become critical to understand how organic carbon is produced, released, transformed, transported, and sequestered within and across ecosystems. In freshwater and open-ocean system...
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ftoslouniv:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/78280 2023-05-15T17:43:33+02:00 Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas 2020-02-12T15:34:36Z http://hdl.handle.net/10852/78280 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-81351 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 EN eng NFR/160016 NIVA/180144.211 NFR/255085 NOTUR/NORSTORE/NN9297K http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-81351 Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas . Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus. Oecologia. 2019, 192, 213-225 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/78280 1793608 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.volume=192&rft.spage=213&rft.date=2019 Oecologia 192 1 213 225 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 URN:NBN:no-81351 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/78280/1/CARBON%2BEXPORT%2BIS%2BFACILITATED%2BBY%2BSEA%2BURCHINS-Filbee-Dexter%2Bet%2Bal.%2BManus.%2Bv4.pdf 0029-8549 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed AcceptedVersion 2020 ftoslouniv https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 2020-12-16T23:30:58Z With the increasing imperative for societies to act to curb climate change by increasing carbon stores and sinks, it has become critical to understand how organic carbon is produced, released, transformed, transported, and sequestered within and across ecosystems. In freshwater and open-ocean systems, shredders play a significant and well-known role in transforming and mobilizing carbon, but their role in the carbon cycle of coastal ecosystems is largely unknown. Marine plants such as kelps produce vast amounts of detritus, which can be captured and consumed by shedders as it traverses the seafloor. We measured capture and consumption rates of kelp detritus by sea urchins across four sampling periods and over a range of kelp detritus production rates and sea urchin densities, in northern Norway. When sea urchin densities exceeded 4 m−2, the sea urchins captured and consumed a high percentage (ca. 80%) of kelp detritus on shallow reefs. We calculated that between 1.3 and 10.8 kg of kelp m−2 are shredded annually from these reefs. We used a hydrodynamic dispersal model to show that transformation of kelp blades to sea urchin feces increased its export distance fourfold. Our findings show that sea urchins can accelerate and extend the export of carbon to neighboring areas. This collector–shredder pathway could represent a significant flow of small particulate carbon from kelp forests to deep-sea areas, where it can subsidize benthic communities or contribute to the global carbon sink. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Norway Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) Norway Oecologia 192 1 213 225 |
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Open Polar |
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Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) |
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ftoslouniv |
language |
English |
description |
With the increasing imperative for societies to act to curb climate change by increasing carbon stores and sinks, it has become critical to understand how organic carbon is produced, released, transformed, transported, and sequestered within and across ecosystems. In freshwater and open-ocean systems, shredders play a significant and well-known role in transforming and mobilizing carbon, but their role in the carbon cycle of coastal ecosystems is largely unknown. Marine plants such as kelps produce vast amounts of detritus, which can be captured and consumed by shedders as it traverses the seafloor. We measured capture and consumption rates of kelp detritus by sea urchins across four sampling periods and over a range of kelp detritus production rates and sea urchin densities, in northern Norway. When sea urchin densities exceeded 4 m−2, the sea urchins captured and consumed a high percentage (ca. 80%) of kelp detritus on shallow reefs. We calculated that between 1.3 and 10.8 kg of kelp m−2 are shredded annually from these reefs. We used a hydrodynamic dispersal model to show that transformation of kelp blades to sea urchin feces increased its export distance fourfold. Our findings show that sea urchins can accelerate and extend the export of carbon to neighboring areas. This collector–shredder pathway could represent a significant flow of small particulate carbon from kelp forests to deep-sea areas, where it can subsidize benthic communities or contribute to the global carbon sink. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas |
spellingShingle |
Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
author_facet |
Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas |
author_sort |
Filbee-Dexter, Karen |
title |
Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
title_short |
Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
title_full |
Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
title_fullStr |
Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
title_sort |
carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/78280 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-81351 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway |
op_source |
0029-8549 |
op_relation |
NFR/160016 NIVA/180144.211 NFR/255085 NOTUR/NORSTORE/NN9297K http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-81351 Filbee-Dexter, Karen Pedersen, Morten Foldager Fredriksen, Stein Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus Rinde, Eli Kristiansen, Trond Albretsen, Jon Wernberg, Thomas . Carbon export is facilitated by sea urchins transforming kelp detritus. Oecologia. 2019, 192, 213-225 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/78280 1793608 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.volume=192&rft.spage=213&rft.date=2019 Oecologia 192 1 213 225 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 URN:NBN:no-81351 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/78280/1/CARBON%2BEXPORT%2BIS%2BFACILITATED%2BBY%2BSEA%2BURCHINS-Filbee-Dexter%2Bet%2Bal.%2BManus.%2Bv4.pdf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04571-1 |
container_title |
Oecologia |
container_volume |
192 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
213 |
op_container_end_page |
225 |
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1766145652600864768 |