A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018)
Abstract. The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land. We use a coupled energy balance–subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both g...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications under license by EGU – European Geosciences Union GmbH
2020
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10852/76518 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-79595 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
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ftoslouniv:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/76518 2023-05-15T16:22:09+02:00 A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen 2020-01-09T15:40:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10852/76518 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-79595 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 EN eng Copernicus Publications under license by EGU – European Geosciences Union GmbH OTHER/Uppsala University - Finn Malmgrens stipend. NFR/243808 OTHER/Ymer-80 NFR/251658 OTHER/Swedish Research Council - VR 3903 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-79595 Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen . A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018). The Cryosphere. 2019, 13(9), 2259-2280 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/76518 1769695 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=The Cryosphere&rft.volume=13&rft.spage=2259&rft.date=2019 The Cryosphere 13 9 2259 2280 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 URN:NBN:no-79595 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/76518/2/tc-13-2259-2019.pdf Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY 1994-0416 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed PublishedVersion 2020 ftoslouniv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 2020-06-21T08:54:32Z Abstract. The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land. We use a coupled energy balance–subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both glacier-covered and land areas in Svalbard. This generates a long-term (1957–2018) distributed dataset of climatic mass balance (CMB) for the glaciers, snow conditions, and runoff with a 1 km×1 km spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolution. Observational data including stake measurements, automatic weather station data, and subsurface data across Svalbard are used for model calibration and validation. We find a weakly positive mean net CMB (+0.09 m w.e. a−1) over the simulation period, which only fractionally compensates for mass loss through calving. Pronounced warming and a small precipitation increase lead to a spatial-mean negative net CMB trend (−0.06 m w.e. a−1 decade−1), and an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by 17 m decade−1, with the largest changes in southern and central Svalbard. The retreating ELA in turn causes firn air volume to decrease by 4 % decade−1, which in combination with winter warming induces a substantial reduction of refreezing in both glacier-covered and land areas (average −4 % decade−1). A combination of increased melt and reduced refreezing causes glacier runoff (average 34.3 Gt a−1) to double over the simulation period, while discharge from land (average 10.6 Gt a−1) remains nearly unchanged. As a result, the relative contribution of land runoff to total runoff drops from 30 % to 20 % during 1957–2018. Seasonal snow on land and in glacier ablation zones is found to arrive later in autumn (+1.4 d decade−1), while no significant changes occurred on the date of snow disappearance in spring–summer. Altogether, the output of the simulation provides an extensive dataset that may be of use in a wide range of applications ranging from runoff modelling to ecosystem studies. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) Ela ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) Svalbard The Cryosphere 13 9 2259 2280 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Universitet i Oslo: Digitale utgivelser ved UiO (DUO) |
op_collection_id |
ftoslouniv |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract. The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land. We use a coupled energy balance–subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both glacier-covered and land areas in Svalbard. This generates a long-term (1957–2018) distributed dataset of climatic mass balance (CMB) for the glaciers, snow conditions, and runoff with a 1 km×1 km spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolution. Observational data including stake measurements, automatic weather station data, and subsurface data across Svalbard are used for model calibration and validation. We find a weakly positive mean net CMB (+0.09 m w.e. a−1) over the simulation period, which only fractionally compensates for mass loss through calving. Pronounced warming and a small precipitation increase lead to a spatial-mean negative net CMB trend (−0.06 m w.e. a−1 decade−1), and an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by 17 m decade−1, with the largest changes in southern and central Svalbard. The retreating ELA in turn causes firn air volume to decrease by 4 % decade−1, which in combination with winter warming induces a substantial reduction of refreezing in both glacier-covered and land areas (average −4 % decade−1). A combination of increased melt and reduced refreezing causes glacier runoff (average 34.3 Gt a−1) to double over the simulation period, while discharge from land (average 10.6 Gt a−1) remains nearly unchanged. As a result, the relative contribution of land runoff to total runoff drops from 30 % to 20 % during 1957–2018. Seasonal snow on land and in glacier ablation zones is found to arrive later in autumn (+1.4 d decade−1), while no significant changes occurred on the date of snow disappearance in spring–summer. Altogether, the output of the simulation provides an extensive dataset that may be of use in a wide range of applications ranging from runoff modelling to ecosystem studies. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen |
spellingShingle |
Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
author_facet |
Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen |
author_sort |
Van Pelt, Ward |
title |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_short |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_full |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_fullStr |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_full_unstemmed |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_sort |
long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in svalbard (1957-2018) |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications under license by EGU – European Geosciences Union GmbH |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10852/76518 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-79595 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) |
geographic |
Ela Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Ela Svalbard |
genre |
glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere |
op_source |
1994-0416 |
op_relation |
OTHER/Uppsala University - Finn Malmgrens stipend. NFR/243808 OTHER/Ymer-80 NFR/251658 OTHER/Swedish Research Council - VR 3903 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-79595 Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey A. Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartlomiej Hagen, Jon Ove Methlie Schuler, Thomas Dunse, Thorben Noel, Brice Reijmer, Carleen . A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018). The Cryosphere. 2019, 13(9), 2259-2280 http://hdl.handle.net/10852/76518 1769695 info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.jtitle=The Cryosphere&rft.volume=13&rft.spage=2259&rft.date=2019 The Cryosphere 13 9 2259 2280 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 URN:NBN:no-79595 Fulltext https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/76518/2/tc-13-2259-2019.pdf |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2259 |
op_container_end_page |
2280 |
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1766010128096559104 |