Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study
The catastrophic lahars triggered by the 13 November 1985 eruption of the ice-clad Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, demonstrate that the interaction of hot pyroclasts with snow and ice can release 30-50 million m3 of meltwater in 30-90 minutes. The 1985 eruption caused a 16% loss in area and a 9%...
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International Glaciological Society
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ftoskarbordeaux:oai:oskar-bordeaux.fr:20.500.12278/28329 2023-05-15T16:38:08+02:00 Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study THOURET, Jean-Claude RAMIREZ, J. C. GIBERT-MALENGREAU, B. VARGAS, C. A. NARANJO, J. L. VANDEMEULEBROUCK, J. VALLA, F. FUNK, M. 2007 https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/28329 https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282589 en eng International Glaciological Society 0260-3055 https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/28329 doi:10.3189/172756407782282589 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ Sciences de l'environnement Article de revue 2007 ftoskarbordeaux https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282589 2021-05-11T22:31:04Z The catastrophic lahars triggered by the 13 November 1985 eruption of the ice-clad Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, demonstrate that the interaction of hot pyroclasts with snow and ice can release 30-50 million m3 of meltwater in 30-90 minutes. The 1985 eruption caused a 16% loss in area and a 9% loss in volume of snow, firn and ice. Turbulent pyroclastic density currents mechanically mixed with snow and produced meltwater at a rate of 0.5-1.6 mm s−1. Laboratory experiments suggest that turbulent, fluidized pyroclastic density currents exert mechanical and thermal scour, thereby efficiently transferring heat from hot pyroclasts to snow. Ice cap loss at Nevado del Ruiz continued between 1985 and 2000, representing a ∼52% decline in area and a ∼30% fall in volume. Ice 60-190 m thick caps the east and southeast summit plateau, whereas an ice field < 30 m thick and devoid of snow is retreating on the north, northeast and west edges. This asymmetrical distribution of ice reflects combined long-term effects of the 1985 eruption and of the post-1985 ice cap retreat. Should volcanic activity resume, steep-sided glaciers can fail and pyroclastic flows and surges can sweep the snowpack and generate mixed avalanches and lahars. Although the potential source of meltwater has decreased since 1985, extensive debris at the ice cap margins can be incorporated to future lahars. Other/Unknown Material Ice cap OSKAR Bordeaux (Open Science Knowledge ARchive) Annals of Glaciology 45 115 127 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OSKAR Bordeaux (Open Science Knowledge ARchive) |
op_collection_id |
ftoskarbordeaux |
language |
English |
topic |
Sciences de l'environnement |
spellingShingle |
Sciences de l'environnement THOURET, Jean-Claude RAMIREZ, J. C. GIBERT-MALENGREAU, B. VARGAS, C. A. NARANJO, J. L. VANDEMEULEBROUCK, J. VALLA, F. FUNK, M. Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
topic_facet |
Sciences de l'environnement |
description |
The catastrophic lahars triggered by the 13 November 1985 eruption of the ice-clad Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, demonstrate that the interaction of hot pyroclasts with snow and ice can release 30-50 million m3 of meltwater in 30-90 minutes. The 1985 eruption caused a 16% loss in area and a 9% loss in volume of snow, firn and ice. Turbulent pyroclastic density currents mechanically mixed with snow and produced meltwater at a rate of 0.5-1.6 mm s−1. Laboratory experiments suggest that turbulent, fluidized pyroclastic density currents exert mechanical and thermal scour, thereby efficiently transferring heat from hot pyroclasts to snow. Ice cap loss at Nevado del Ruiz continued between 1985 and 2000, representing a ∼52% decline in area and a ∼30% fall in volume. Ice 60-190 m thick caps the east and southeast summit plateau, whereas an ice field < 30 m thick and devoid of snow is retreating on the north, northeast and west edges. This asymmetrical distribution of ice reflects combined long-term effects of the 1985 eruption and of the post-1985 ice cap retreat. Should volcanic activity resume, steep-sided glaciers can fail and pyroclastic flows and surges can sweep the snowpack and generate mixed avalanches and lahars. Although the potential source of meltwater has decreased since 1985, extensive debris at the ice cap margins can be incorporated to future lahars. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
THOURET, Jean-Claude RAMIREZ, J. C. GIBERT-MALENGREAU, B. VARGAS, C. A. NARANJO, J. L. VANDEMEULEBROUCK, J. VALLA, F. FUNK, M. |
author_facet |
THOURET, Jean-Claude RAMIREZ, J. C. GIBERT-MALENGREAU, B. VARGAS, C. A. NARANJO, J. L. VANDEMEULEBROUCK, J. VALLA, F. FUNK, M. |
author_sort |
THOURET, Jean-Claude |
title |
Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
title_short |
Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
title_full |
Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
title_fullStr |
Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, case study |
title_sort |
volcano-glacier interactions on composite cones and lahar generation: nevado del ruiz, colombia, case study |
publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/28329 https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282589 |
genre |
Ice cap |
genre_facet |
Ice cap |
op_relation |
0260-3055 https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/28329 doi:10.3189/172756407782282589 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282589 |
container_title |
Annals of Glaciology |
container_volume |
45 |
container_start_page |
115 |
op_container_end_page |
127 |
_version_ |
1766028422136463360 |