Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors
Similarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems (Northern California Current, Central Gulf of Alaska, Georges Bank, southwestern Antarctic Peninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. Two analysis strategies simulated the effects of his...
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ftoregonstate:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:vx021f65p 2024-04-14T08:01:24+00:00 Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors Ruzicka, James J. Steele, John H. Ballerini, Tosca Gaichas, Sarah K. Ainley, David G. Hatfield Marine Science Center https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/vx021f65p English [eng] eng unknown Elsevier https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/vx021f65p Copyright Not Evaluated Article ftoregonstate 2024-03-21T15:51:03Z Similarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems (Northern California Current, Central Gulf of Alaska, Georges Bank, southwestern Antarctic Peninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. Two analysis strategies simulated the effects of historic baleen and odontocete whale abundances across all trophic levels: food web structure scenarios and time-dynamic scenarios. Direct competition between whales and commercial fisheries is small at current whale abundances; whales and fisheries each take similar proportions of annual pelagic fish production (4-7%). Scenarios show that as whale populations grow, indirect competition between whales and fish for zooplankton would more likely impact fishery production than would direct competition for fish between whales and commercial fisheries. Increased baleen whale abundance would have greater and broader indirect effects on upper trophic levels and fisheries than a similar increase in odontocete abundance. Time-dynamic scenarios, which allow for the evolution of compensatory mechanisms, showed more modest impacts than structural scenarios, which show the immediate impacts of altered energy pathways. Structural scenarios show that in terms of energy availability, there is potential for large increases in whale abundance without major changes to existing food web structures and without substantial reduction of fishery production. For each ecosystem, a five-fold increase in baleen whale abundance could be supported with minor disruptions to existing energy flow pathways. However, such an increase would remain below historical population levels for many cetaceans. A larger expansion (20X) could be accommodated only with large reductions in energy flow to competitor groups. The scope for odontocete expansion varies between ecosystems but may be more restricted than the scope for baleen expansion because they feed at higher, less productive trophic levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Krill, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula baleen whale Alaska ScholarsArchive@OSU (Oregon State University) Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Gulf of Alaska |
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ScholarsArchive@OSU (Oregon State University) |
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ftoregonstate |
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English unknown |
description |
Similarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems (Northern California Current, Central Gulf of Alaska, Georges Bank, southwestern Antarctic Peninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. Two analysis strategies simulated the effects of historic baleen and odontocete whale abundances across all trophic levels: food web structure scenarios and time-dynamic scenarios. Direct competition between whales and commercial fisheries is small at current whale abundances; whales and fisheries each take similar proportions of annual pelagic fish production (4-7%). Scenarios show that as whale populations grow, indirect competition between whales and fish for zooplankton would more likely impact fishery production than would direct competition for fish between whales and commercial fisheries. Increased baleen whale abundance would have greater and broader indirect effects on upper trophic levels and fisheries than a similar increase in odontocete abundance. Time-dynamic scenarios, which allow for the evolution of compensatory mechanisms, showed more modest impacts than structural scenarios, which show the immediate impacts of altered energy pathways. Structural scenarios show that in terms of energy availability, there is potential for large increases in whale abundance without major changes to existing food web structures and without substantial reduction of fishery production. For each ecosystem, a five-fold increase in baleen whale abundance could be supported with minor disruptions to existing energy flow pathways. However, such an increase would remain below historical population levels for many cetaceans. A larger expansion (20X) could be accommodated only with large reductions in energy flow to competitor groups. The scope for odontocete expansion varies between ecosystems but may be more restricted than the scope for baleen expansion because they feed at higher, less productive trophic levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Krill, ... |
author2 |
Hatfield Marine Science Center |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ruzicka, James J. Steele, John H. Ballerini, Tosca Gaichas, Sarah K. Ainley, David G. |
spellingShingle |
Ruzicka, James J. Steele, John H. Ballerini, Tosca Gaichas, Sarah K. Ainley, David G. Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
author_facet |
Ruzicka, James J. Steele, John H. Ballerini, Tosca Gaichas, Sarah K. Ainley, David G. |
author_sort |
Ruzicka, James J. |
title |
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
title_short |
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
title_full |
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
title_fullStr |
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
title_sort |
dividing up the pie: whales, fish, and humans as competitors |
publisher |
Elsevier |
url |
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/vx021f65p |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Gulf of Alaska |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Gulf of Alaska |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula baleen whale Alaska |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula baleen whale Alaska |
op_relation |
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/vx021f65p |
op_rights |
Copyright Not Evaluated |
_version_ |
1796308724523991040 |